Absorptive and Post Absorptive States

Question 1

what are the first four hours after a meal regulated by

Answer 1

insulin

Question 2

what are the hours after four hours after a meal to the next meal regulated by

Answer 2

glucagon

Question 3

aka absorptive state

Answer 3

fed state

Question 4

what is the absorptive state regulated by

Answer 4

insulin

Question 5

aka post absorptive state

Answer 5

fasted state

Question 6

what is the post absorptive state regulated by

Answer 6

gulcagon

Question 7

what are insulin and glucagon and where are they made

Answer 7

complimentary hormones and made in pancreas

Question 8

what occurs in the fasted state

Answer 8

no new things in blood

tapping into stored food and using for energy

Question 9

what secretes enzymes into the small intestine and hormones into the blood

Answer 9

pancreas

Question 10

what secretes, not in blood
goes into GI tract
digestive enzymes
acinar cells
stimulated by CCK

Answer 10

exocrine

Question 11

what is hormones

islets of langerhans

Answer 11

endocrine

Question 12

what do the islets of langerhans make

Answer 12

insulin and glucagon

Question 13

what type of islets make glucagon

Answer 13

alpha(red)

Question 14

what type of islets make insulin

Answer 14

beta(purple)

Question 15

what is the function of islets of langerhans

Answer 15

constantly measuring sugar levels

Question 16

what is initiated if there are low sugar levels

Answer 16

make glucagon(post absorptive)

Question 17

what is initiated if there are high sugar levels

Answer 17

make insulin(absorptive)

Question 18

what is the absorptive state regulated by and when does it change

Answer 18

insulin(amino acid based)

changes in about ten minutes(can last hours)

Question 19

what is the first step in the absorptive state

Answer 19

blood glucose levels go up(primary stimulus)

this causes facilitated diffusion of glucose into tissue cells

Question 20

what is the second step in the absorptive state

Answer 20

cellular respiration(make ATP)
make storage products(glycogen)

Question 21

what is the third step in the absorptive state

Answer 21

protein synthesis

Question 22

what does the changing of glucose in the tissues allow

Answer 22

it allows the concentration gradient to be retained so glucose can keep being brought into the cells

Question 23

the absorptive state occurs when

Answer 23

sugar is plentiful

Question 24

absorptive state = ______

Answer 24

storage

Question 25

what is the storage of cellular glycogen called

Answer 25

glycogenosis

Question 26

what is the release of blood glucose

Answer 26

glycogenolysis

Question 27

what is the diffusion gradient contained by

Answer 27

glucose changing to G-6-P

Question 28

what is the glucose polymer

Answer 28

glycogen

Question 29

where is glycogen stored

Answer 29

muscle and liver

Question 30

the muscle and liver are

Answer 30

the primary storehouse of carbohydrates

Question 31

what makes people more prone to type 2 diabetes

Answer 31

fatty liver (epidemic in US due to obesity)

Question 32

what is the post absorptive state regulated by and what does it do

Answer 32

glucagon and it does the opposite of insulin

Question 33

what does insulin do

Answer 33

lowers blood sugar because it is taking glucose out of blood and into cells

Question 34

what does low blood sugar promote

Answer 34

glucagon release

Question 35

what does the post absorptive use to make blood glucose

Answer 35

stored fuel

Question 36

what is the first thing glucagon stimulates

Answer 36

fat breakdown- fat released into blood and pumped into body and tissues that need fat

Question 37

what is glucose sparing

Answer 37

cells using lipids as primary energy instead of sugar for energy

Question 38

what is an example of glucose sparing

Answer 38

heart can run on either lipids or sugars

Question 39

what do cells prefer to run on

Answer 39

sugar

Question 40

why is glucose sparing a thing

Answer 40

to leave as much glucose in the blood as possible(keep glucose level stable)

Question 41

what does the liver do in the post absorptive state

Answer 41

glycogenolysis

Question 42

what is glycogenolysis

Answer 42

breaking and splitting individual glucose off chains to release into blood

Question 43

another way to describe what the liver does

Answer 43

breaks things from carbohydrate glycogen to simple carbohydrate glucose

Question 44

when does the post absorptive state occur

Answer 44

when sugar is scarce

Question 45

what is the purpose of the post absorptive state

Answer 45

make glucose

Question 46

what is the making of glucose from either amino acids or lipids (glyceral)

Answer 46

gluconeogenesis

Question 47

how does gluconeogenesis occur

Answer 47

tap into fat stores and create glucose to keep glucose levels stable/high

Question 48

what can only run on glucose

Answer 48

nerve cells

Question 49

why can nerve cells only run on glucose

Answer 49

they burn a lot of it(high metabolic rate)

Question 50

what happens when there is not sufficient glucose and why

Answer 50

pass out because brain does not have enough glucose

Question 51

what do muscles and and liver do

Answer 51

muscle breaks down glycogen so then liver can make glucose

Question 52

what is used to detect if someone is diabetic

Answer 52

glucose tolerance test

Question 53

how does the glucose tolerance test

Answer 53

it monitors sugar levels in the blood | patient comes in fasted, consumes syrup

Question 54

what is a fasted blood glucose usually at

Answer 54

60-100 g/100 ml

Question 55

what should happen after a patient consumes the syrup

Answer 55

blood sugar levels become high

Question 56

at what time should the blood glucose be back <100

Answer 56

120 min

Question 57

what can raise blood sugar levels and why

Answer 57

epinephrine due to stress

Question 58

how can you tell if someone is diabetic when they get a glucose tolerance test

Answer 58

at 120 minutes the blood glucose levels are still elevated(remains high for a very long time) varying degree of how high in fed state blood glucose not lowered after 120 min

Question 59

what does the glucagon response cause very rapidly

Answer 59

a minor dip in blood glucose levels