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Anatomy 2 > Absorptive and Post Absorptive States > Flashcards

Absorptive and Post Absorptive States Flashcards

1
Q

what are the first four hours after a meal regulated by

A

insulin

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2
Q

what are the hours after four hours after a meal to the next meal regulated by

A

glucagon

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3
Q

aka absorptive state

A

fed state

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4
Q

what is the absorptive state regulated by

A

insulin

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5
Q

aka post absorptive state

A

fasted state

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6
Q

what is the post absorptive state regulated by

A

gulcagon

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7
Q

what are insulin and glucagon and where are they made

A

complimentary hormones and made in pancreas

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8
Q

what occurs in the fasted state

A

no new things in blood

tapping into stored food and using for energy

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9
Q

what secretes enzymes into the small intestine and hormones into the blood

A

pancreas

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10
Q 
what secretes, not in blood
goes into GI tract
digestive enzymes
acinar cells
stimulated by CCK
A

exocrine

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11
Q

what is hormones

islets of langerhans

A

endocrine

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12
Q

what do the islets of langerhans make

A

insulin and glucagon

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13
Q

what type of islets make glucagon

A

alpha(red)

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14
Q

what type of islets make insulin

A

beta(purple)

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15
Q

what is the function of islets of langerhans

A

constantly measuring sugar levels

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16
Q

what is initiated if there are low sugar levels

A

make glucagon(post absorptive)

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17
Q

what is initiated if there are high sugar levels

A

make insulin(absorptive)

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18
Q

what is the absorptive state regulated by and when does it change

A

insulin(amino acid based)

changes in about ten minutes(can last hours)

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19
Q

what is the first step in the absorptive state

A

blood glucose levels go up(primary stimulus)

this causes facilitated diffusion of glucose into tissue cells

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20
Q

what is the second step in the absorptive state

A 
cellular respiration(make ATP)
make storage products(glycogen)
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21
Q

what is the third step in the absorptive state

A

protein synthesis

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22
Q

what does the changing of glucose in the tissues allow

A

it allows the concentration gradient to be retained so glucose can keep being brought into the cells

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23
Q

the absorptive state occurs when

A

sugar is plentiful

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24
Q

absorptive state = ______

25
Q

what is the storage of cellular glycogen called

A

glycogenosis

26
Q

what is the release of blood glucose

A

glycogenolysis

27
Q

what is the diffusion gradient contained by

A

glucose changing to G-6-P

28
Q

what is the glucose polymer

29
Q

where is glycogen stored

A

muscle and liver

30
Q

the muscle and liver are

A

the primary storehouse of carbohydrates

31
Q

what makes people more prone to type 2 diabetes

A

fatty liver (epidemic in US due to obesity)

32
Q

what is the post absorptive state regulated by and what does it do

A

glucagon and it does the opposite of insulin

33
Q

what does insulin do

A

lowers blood sugar because it is taking glucose out of blood and into cells

34
Q

what does low blood sugar promote

A

glucagon release

35
Q

what does the post absorptive use to make blood glucose

A

stored fuel

36
Q

what is the first thing glucagon stimulates

A

fat breakdown- fat released into blood and pumped into body and tissues that need fat

37
Q

what is glucose sparing

A

cells using lipids as primary energy instead of sugar for energy

38
Q

what is an example of glucose sparing

A

heart can run on either lipids or sugars

39
Q

what do cells prefer to run on

40
Q

why is glucose sparing a thing

A

to leave as much glucose in the blood as possible(keep glucose level stable)

41
Q

what does the liver do in the post absorptive state

A

glycogenolysis

42
Q

what is glycogenolysis

A

breaking and splitting individual glucose off chains to release into blood

43
Q

another way to describe what the liver does

A

breaks things from carbohydrate glycogen to simple carbohydrate glucose

44
Q

when does the post absorptive state occur

A

when sugar is scarce

45
Q

what is the purpose of the post absorptive state

A

make glucose

46
Q

what is the making of glucose from either amino acids or lipids (glyceral)

A

gluconeogenesis

47
Q

how does gluconeogenesis occur

A

tap into fat stores and create glucose to keep glucose levels stable/high

48
Q

what can only run on glucose

A

nerve cells

49
Q

why can nerve cells only run on glucose

A

they burn a lot of it(high metabolic rate)

50
Q

what happens when there is not sufficient glucose and why

A

pass out because brain does not have enough glucose

51
Q

what do muscles and and liver do

A

muscle breaks down glycogen so then liver can make glucose

52
Q

what is used to detect if someone is diabetic

A

glucose tolerance test

53
Q

how does the glucose tolerance test

A

it monitors sugar levels in the blood

patient comes in fasted, consumes syrup

54
Q

what is a fasted blood glucose usually at

A

60-100 g/100 ml

55
Q

what should happen after a patient consumes the syrup

A

blood sugar levels become high

56
Q

at what time should the blood glucose be back <100

57
Q

what can raise blood sugar levels and why

A

epinephrine due to stress

58
Q

how can you tell if someone is diabetic when they get a glucose tolerance test

A

at 120 minutes the blood glucose levels are still elevated(remains high for a very long time)
varying degree of how high
in fed state blood glucose not lowered after 120 min

59
Q

what does the glucagon response cause very rapidly

A

a minor dip in blood glucose levels

Anatomy 2 (24 decks)

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