Upper GI Anatomy Flashcards
where does jaw opening occur?
at the temperomandibular joints
what are the three pairs of jaw closing muscles?
masseter
temporalis
medial pterygoid
where does the masseter attach?
the zygomatic bone
where does the temporalis come from?
the temporal fossa
where does the temporalis attach?
the angle of the mandible
what is the jaw opening muscle?
lateral pterygoid
what nerve supplies all of the muscles of mastication?
CN V3
what is the name of CN V3?
mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
how many divisions does the trigeminal nerve have?
three
what prevents the TMJ from dislocating?
the articular tubercle on the temporal bone
what does the course of a nerve describe?
the journey it takes between the CNS and the structure it supplies
what fibres does CN V3 contain?
sensory and motor
where does CNV3 come from?
the pons
where does CN V3 exit the skull?
the foramen ovale
where is the foramen ovale found?
the medial cranial fossa
what does CN V3 supply?
the muscles of mastication and the sensory area in the face
what is the gap between the lips and the teeth called?
vestibule
what is more anterior, the soft palate or the hard palate?
the hard palate
how many teeth makes up a complete set of adult teeth?
32
what is the third molar tooth called?
the wisdom tooth
why do you need to ask if people have any loose teeth or fillings before performing an endoscopy?
they could be a choking hazard or an aspiration risk
what is another name for the gums?
gingivae
what is the uvula?
a muscle of the soft palate
where are the palatine tonsils found?
between the arches of the soft palate
what is CNV2 called?
the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
what fibres does CN V2 carry?
sensory only
where does CN V2 originate?
the pons
where does CN V2 pass through when leaving the skull?
the foramen rotundum
what does CNV2 supply?
the sensory area of the mid face
what are the three pairs of major salivary glands called?
parotid
submandibular
sublingual
where do the ducts of the parotid gland enter the oral cavity?
on the cheek near the second molar
where do the ducts of the submandibular gland enter the oral cavity?
at the base of the frenulum
where do the ducts of the sublingual gland enter the oral cavity?
there are multiple ducts all over the floor of the mouth
where is the superior half of the oral cavity?
above the tongue
what supplies general sensation to the superior half of the oral cavity?
CN V2
what supplies general sensation to the inferior half of the oral cavity?
CN V3
what type of reflex is the gag reflex and what does it aim to do?
a protective reflex
tries to close the pharynx
what nerve carries the sensory fibres for the gag reflex?
CN IX
what nerves carry the motor fibres for the gag reflex?
CN IX and CN X
what two sections is the tongue divided into?
anterior two thirds
posterior third
which part of the tongue is horizontal and in the oral cavity?
the anterior two thirds
what nerve supplies general sensory innervation to the anterior tongue?
CN V3
what nerve supplies the special sensory innervation to the anterior tongue?
CN VII
what special sense does the tongue have?
taste
what nerve supplies both the general and special sensory innervation to the posterior tongue?
CN IX
what is the posterior third of the tongue sometimes also called?
the anterior wall of the oropharynx
what nerve fibres does CN VII carry?
special sensory
motor
parasympathetic
where does CN VII originate?
the pontomedullary junction
what does CN VII supply?
taste to anterior tongue
muscles of facial expression
glands in the floor of the mouth
what nerve fibres does CN IX carry?
special sensory
motor
visceral afferent
parasympathetic
where does CN IX originate?
the medulla
where does CN IX pass through?
the jugular foramen
what does CN IX supply?
posterior wall of oropharynx
parotid gland
posterior tongue
what are the four pairs of extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
palatoglossus
styloglossus
hyoglossus
genioglossus
what is the function of the extrinsic tongue muscles?
change the position of the tongue
what is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
modify the shape of the tongue
what nerve supplies almost all of the muscles of the tongue, and which muscle is the exception?
CN XII
palatoglossus
what nerve fibres are found in CN XII?
motor only
where does CN XII originate?
the medulla
what muscles make up the external layer of the pharynx?
circular constrictor muscles
name the three overlapping circular constrictor muscles of the pharynx
superior constrictor
inferior constrictor
middle constrictor
are the constrictor muscles of the pharynx smooth or skeletal?
skeletal
describe how the constrictor muscles of the pharynx contract
sequentially
when the superior ones contract, the others follow
what nerve innervates the constrictor muscles of the pharynx?
CN X (vagus)
where do the constrictor muscles of the pharynx insert?
the midline raphe (thickened band of fascia)
what is the cricopharyngeus, what does it create and where is it found?
where muscle fibres become horizontal in the pharynx
the UOS
at the level of C6
what muscles make up the inner layer of the pharynx?
longitudinal muscles
what nerves supply the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?
CN X and IX
what is the role of the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?
elevate the pharynx and larynx
this causes the larynx to close over the laryngeal inlet and shortens the pharynx q
what type of muscles are involved in swallowing?
all voluntary
what is the inferior continuation of the laryngopharynx?
the oesophagus
where does the oesophagus begin?
the inferior end of the cricopharyngeus muscle (C6)
what supplies the smooth muscle in the wall of the oesophagus?
the oesophageal plexus
where does the oesophagus end?
when it enters the cardia of teh stomach
where does the oesophagus pass through the diaphragm?
T10
where does the vena cava pass through the diaphragm?
T8
where does the aorta pass through the diaphragm?
T12
what type of sphincter is the lower oesophageal sphincter?
physiological
what happens at the gastro-oesophageal junction?
there is an abrupt change in the type of mucosa lining the wall (the Z-line)
where does the stomach lie in a supine patient?
left hypochondrium
epigastrium
umbilical region
what is the pyloric sphincter?
the ring of muscle that closes the gap between the stomach and duodenum
what are rugae?
folds of mucosa in the stomach
