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Y1 Gastrointestinal > Upper GI Anatomy > Flashcards

Upper GI Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

where does jaw opening occur?

A

at the temperomandibular joints

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2
Q

what are the three pairs of jaw closing muscles?

A

masseter
temporalis
medial pterygoid

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3
Q

where does the masseter attach?

A

the zygomatic bone

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4
Q

where does the temporalis come from?

A

the temporal fossa

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5
Q

where does the temporalis attach?

A

the angle of the mandible

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6
Q

what is the jaw opening muscle?

A

lateral pterygoid

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7
Q

what nerve supplies all of the muscles of mastication?

A

CN V3

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8
Q

what is the name of CN V3?

A

mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

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9
Q

how many divisions does the trigeminal nerve have?

A

three

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10
Q

what prevents the TMJ from dislocating?

A

the articular tubercle on the temporal bone

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11
Q

what does the course of a nerve describe?

A

the journey it takes between the CNS and the structure it supplies

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12
Q

what fibres does CN V3 contain?

A

sensory and motor

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13
Q

where does CNV3 come from?

A

the pons

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14
Q

where does CN V3 exit the skull?

A

the foramen ovale

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15
Q

where is the foramen ovale found?

A

the medial cranial fossa

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16
Q

what does CN V3 supply?

A

the muscles of mastication and the sensory area in the face

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17
Q

what is the gap between the lips and the teeth called?

A

vestibule

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18
Q

what is more anterior, the soft palate or the hard palate?

A

the hard palate

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19
Q

how many teeth makes up a complete set of adult teeth?

A

32

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20
Q

what is the third molar tooth called?

A

the wisdom tooth

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21
Q

why do you need to ask if people have any loose teeth or fillings before performing an endoscopy?

A

they could be a choking hazard or an aspiration risk

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22
Q

what is another name for the gums?

A

gingivae

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23
Q

what is the uvula?

A

a muscle of the soft palate

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24
Q

where are the palatine tonsils found?

A

between the arches of the soft palate

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25
Q

what is CNV2 called?

A

the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

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26
Q

what fibres does CN V2 carry?

A

sensory only

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27
Q

where does CN V2 originate?

A

the pons

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28
Q

where does CN V2 pass through when leaving the skull?

A

the foramen rotundum

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29
Q

what does CNV2 supply?

A

the sensory area of the mid face

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30
Q

what are the three pairs of major salivary glands called?

A

parotid
submandibular
sublingual

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31
Q

where do the ducts of the parotid gland enter the oral cavity?

A

on the cheek near the second molar

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32
Q

where do the ducts of the submandibular gland enter the oral cavity?

A

at the base of the frenulum

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33
Q

where do the ducts of the sublingual gland enter the oral cavity?

A

there are multiple ducts all over the floor of the mouth

34
Q

where is the superior half of the oral cavity?

A

above the tongue

35
Q

what supplies general sensation to the superior half of the oral cavity?

A

CN V2

36
Q

what supplies general sensation to the inferior half of the oral cavity?

A

CN V3

37
Q

what type of reflex is the gag reflex and what does it aim to do?

A

a protective reflex

tries to close the pharynx

38
Q

what nerve carries the sensory fibres for the gag reflex?

A

CN IX

39
Q

what nerves carry the motor fibres for the gag reflex?

A

CN IX and CN X

40
Q

what two sections is the tongue divided into?

A

anterior two thirds

posterior third

41
Q

which part of the tongue is horizontal and in the oral cavity?

A

the anterior two thirds

42
Q

what nerve supplies general sensory innervation to the anterior tongue?

A

CN V3

43
Q

what nerve supplies the special sensory innervation to the anterior tongue?

A

CN VII

44
Q

what special sense does the tongue have?

A

taste

45
Q

what nerve supplies both the general and special sensory innervation to the posterior tongue?

A

CN IX

46
Q

what is the posterior third of the tongue sometimes also called?

A

the anterior wall of the oropharynx

47
Q

what nerve fibres does CN VII carry?

A

special sensory
motor
parasympathetic

48
Q

where does CN VII originate?

A

the pontomedullary junction

49
Q

what does CN VII supply?

A

taste to anterior tongue
muscles of facial expression
glands in the floor of the mouth

50
Q

what nerve fibres does CN IX carry?

A

special sensory
motor
visceral afferent
parasympathetic

51
Q

where does CN IX originate?

A

the medulla

52
Q

where does CN IX pass through?

A

the jugular foramen

53
Q

what does CN IX supply?

A

posterior wall of oropharynx
parotid gland
posterior tongue

54
Q

what are the four pairs of extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

palatoglossus
styloglossus
hyoglossus
genioglossus

55
Q

what is the function of the extrinsic tongue muscles?

A

change the position of the tongue

56
Q

what is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

modify the shape of the tongue

57
Q

what nerve supplies almost all of the muscles of the tongue, and which muscle is the exception?

A

CN XII

palatoglossus

58
Q

what nerve fibres are found in CN XII?

A

motor only

59
Q

where does CN XII originate?

A

the medulla

60
Q

what muscles make up the external layer of the pharynx?

A

circular constrictor muscles

61
Q

name the three overlapping circular constrictor muscles of the pharynx

A

superior constrictor
inferior constrictor
middle constrictor

62
Q

are the constrictor muscles of the pharynx smooth or skeletal?

A

skeletal

63
Q

describe how the constrictor muscles of the pharynx contract

A

sequentially

when the superior ones contract, the others follow

64
Q

what nerve innervates the constrictor muscles of the pharynx?

A

CN X (vagus)

65
Q

where do the constrictor muscles of the pharynx insert?

A

the midline raphe (thickened band of fascia)

66
Q

what is the cricopharyngeus, what does it create and where is it found?

A

where muscle fibres become horizontal in the pharynx

the UOS

at the level of C6

67
Q

what muscles make up the inner layer of the pharynx?

A

longitudinal muscles

68
Q

what nerves supply the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

A

CN X and IX

69
Q

what is the role of the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

A

elevate the pharynx and larynx

this causes the larynx to close over the laryngeal inlet and shortens the pharynx q

70
Q

what type of muscles are involved in swallowing?

A

all voluntary

71
Q

what is the inferior continuation of the laryngopharynx?

A

the oesophagus

72
Q

where does the oesophagus begin?

A

the inferior end of the cricopharyngeus muscle (C6)

73
Q

what supplies the smooth muscle in the wall of the oesophagus?

A

the oesophageal plexus

74
Q

where does the oesophagus end?

A

when it enters the cardia of teh stomach

75
Q

where does the oesophagus pass through the diaphragm?

A

T10

76
Q

where does the vena cava pass through the diaphragm?

A

T8

77
Q

where does the aorta pass through the diaphragm?

A

T12

78
Q

what type of sphincter is the lower oesophageal sphincter?

A

physiological

79
Q

what happens at the gastro-oesophageal junction?

A

there is an abrupt change in the type of mucosa lining the wall (the Z-line)

80
Q

where does the stomach lie in a supine patient?

A

left hypochondrium
epigastrium
umbilical region

81
Q

what is the pyloric sphincter?

A

the ring of muscle that closes the gap between the stomach and duodenum

82
Q

what are rugae?

A

folds of mucosa in the stomach

Y1 Gastrointestinal (48 decks)

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