Colorectal Cancer

Question 1

what age group is most commonly affected by colorectal cancer?

Answer 1

> 65s

Question 2

name some risk factors for colorectal cancer

Answer 2

older age 
low fibre 
poor diet 
obesity 
smoking 
lack of exercise

Question 3

what mutation gives a 100% risk of getting colorectal cancer?

Answer 3

APC mutations

Question 4

name a condition that can predispose to colorectal cancer

Answer 4

IBD

UC more than crohn’s

Question 5

name four ways by which colorectal cancer can spread

Answer 5

direct spread
lymphatic spread
blood borne spread
transcoelomic spread

Question 6

where can colorectal cancer spread via the haematogenous route?

Answer 6

liver

lungs

Question 7

when is bowel screening done?

Answer 7

ages 50-72

every 2 years

Question 8

what are patients offered if their bowel screening test comes back positive?

Answer 8

colonoscopy

Question 9

how do right sided colorectal cancers present?

Answer 9

iron deficiency 
fatigue 
bowel habit changes 
weight loss 
abdo pain 
lump in the abdomen

Question 10

how do left sided + rectum colorectal cancers present?

Answer 10

rectal bleeding
incomplete emptying
worsening constipation

Question 11

what is a right hemicolectomy?

Answer 11

removal of the right colon

form an ileocolic anastamosis

Question 12

what is an extended right hemicolectomy?

Answer 12

removal of the right colon + portion of the transverse colon

form an ileocolic anastamosis

Question 13

what is a transverse colectomy?

Answer 13

removal of the transverse colon

Question 14

what is a sigmoid colectomy?

Answer 14

removal of the sigmoid colon

Question 15

what is involved in an anterior resection?

Answer 15

J pouch formed

rectum removed

Question 16

what is involved in an APR?

Answer 16

anus resected
perianal skin closed
colostomy formed