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Y1 Gastrointestinal > Biliary Tract Disease > Flashcards

Biliary Tract Disease Flashcards

1
Q

name four different kinds of gallstones?

A

mixed
cholesterol
pigment
primary bile duct stones

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2
Q

what is the most common type of gallstone?

A

mixed

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3
Q

what is the most rare type of gallstone?

A

primary biliary duct stones

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4
Q

name two possible complications of gallstones

A

biliary colic

cholecystitis

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5
Q

what causes biliary colic?

A

stone impacts in the cystic duct

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6
Q

where does pain from biliary colic present?

A

RUQ, radiates to the back and shoulder

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7
Q

what symptoms are associated with biliary colic?

A

indigestion

nausea

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8
Q

what is acute cholecystitis?

A

inflammation of the gallbladder

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9
Q

what causes acute cholecystitis?

A

obstruction of the cystic duct

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10
Q

what investigations can be done to diagnose gallstones?

A

ultrasound

MRCP/ERCP

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11
Q

how is biliary colic treated?

A

analgesia
low fat diet
lose weight if obese

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12
Q

what is done if episodes of biliary colic are recurrent?

A

cholecystectomy

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13
Q

how is recurrent biliary colic treated if the patient is unfit for surgery?

A

ursodeoxycholic acid 10mg/kg/day

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14
Q

how is acute cholecystitis treated?

A

IV antibiotics and fluids
nil by mouth
urgent cholecystectomy

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15
Q

what can cause further complications of gallstones?

A

migration of stones into the common bile duct

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16
Q

name three complications of gallstones that have become impacted in the common nile duct

A

jaundice
cholangitis
acute pancreatitis

17
Q

what is a possible complication of gallstones if one enters the intestine?

A

gallstone ileus

18
Q

name four symptoms of gallstones in the CBD

A

itch
nausea
anorexia
abnormal LFTS

19
Q

how is a gallstone in the CBD diagnosed?

A

MRCP

20
Q

what can be used to remove a stone from the CBD?

A

ERCP

21
Q

what are the two main causes of acute pancreatitis?

A

alcohol and gallstones

22
Q

how does a gallstone enter the small intestine?

A

travels through a fistula between the gallbladder and the duodenum

23
Q

how does gallstone ileus present?

A

with a distal small bowel obstruction

24
Q

what is the treatment for gallstone ileus?

A

urgent laparotomy to remove the stone

25
Q

what is cancer of the bile duct called?

A

cholangiocarcinoma

26
Q

how does cholangiocarcinoma present?

A

jaundice
weight loss
anorexia
lethargy

27
Q

when does cholangiocarcinoma present?

A

usually late

28
Q

how is cholangiocarcinoma treated?

A

liver and bile duct resection

29
Q

how can cholangiocarcinoma be palliated?

A

insertion of a biliary stent

Y1 Gastrointestinal (48 decks)

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