Physiology - Digestion of Carbohydrates and Protein

Question 1

what is digestion?

Answer 1

the enzymatic conversion of complex dietary substances to a form that can be absorbed

Question 2

what mediates luminal digestion?

Answer 2

pancreatic enzymes in the duodenum

Question 3

what mediates membrane digestion?

Answer 3

enzymes at the brush border of epithelial cells in the small intestine

Question 4

what are enterocytes?

Answer 4

the absorptive cells of the intestinal epithelium

Question 5

what is the overall process of digestion and absorption called?

Answer 5

assimilation

Question 6

what are the three types of digestible carbohydrates?

Answer 6

polysaccharides (most)
oligosaccharides 
monosaccharides (least)

Question 7

name three types of polysaccharide

Answer 7

amylose + amylopectin (from starch)

glycogen

Question 8

name three oligosaccharides

Answer 8

sucrose
lactose
maltose

Question 9

what is sucrose made of?

Answer 9

glucose + fructose

Question 10

what is lactose made from?

Answer 10

glucose + galactose

Question 11

name three monosaccharides

Answer 11

glucose
fructose
galactose

Question 12

what needs to happen to dietary carbohydrates so they can be absorbed?

Answer 12

converted to monosacchardies

Question 13

what converts carbohydrates to oligosaccharides?

Answer 13

alpha amylase

Question 14

whatconverts oligosaccharides to monosaccharides for absorption?

Answer 14

ologisaccharidases such as lactase, maltase and sucrase-isomaltase

Question 15

where does absorption of the final products of carb digestion take place?

Answer 15

duodenum and jejunum

Question 16

what transporter mediates absorption of glucose and galactose?

Answer 16

SGLT1

Question 17

what transporter mediates absorption of fructose?

Answer 17

GLUT5

Question 18

what transporter mediates exit of monosaccharides from the bloodstream?

Answer 18

GLUT2

Question 19

what needs to happen to protein prior to absorption?

Answer 19

digested to oligopeptides and amino acids