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Y1 Gastrointestinal > Anatomy of Abdominal Pain > Flashcards

Anatomy of Abdominal Pain Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three parts of the small intestine?

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

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2
Q

name the parts of the large intestine from proximal to distal

A

colon
rectum
anal canal
anus

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3
Q

name the parts of the colon from proximal to distal

A 
caecum 
appendix 
ascending 
transverse 
descending 
sigmoid
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4
Q

what are the three sections of abdominal organs?

A

foregut
midgut
hindgut

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5
Q

where is the foregut?

A

oesophagus to mid duodenum

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6
Q

what accessory organs are in the foregut?

A

liver
gallbladder
spleen
half of the pancreas

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7
Q

where does pain from the foregut present?

A

epigastric region

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8
Q

where is the midgut?

A

mid duodenum to proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon

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9
Q

what accessory organs are in the midgut?

A

half of the pancreas

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10
Q

where does pain from the midgut present?

A

the umbilical region

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11
Q

where is the hindgut?

A

distal 1/3 of the transverse colon to proximal 1/2 of the anal canal

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12
Q

what accessory organs are in the hindgut?

A

none

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13
Q

where does pain from the hindgut tend to present?

A

the pubic region

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14
Q

how many regions is the abdominal cavity divided into?

A

nine

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15
Q

what are the nine regions of the abdominal cavity?

A 
R+L hypochondrium 
epigastric 
R+L lumbar 
umbilical 
R+L inguinal 
pubic
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16
Q

what are the four quadrants that the abdominal cavity can be divided into?

A

right and left upper quadrants

right and left lower quadrants

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17
Q

what is the peritoneum?

A

a thin, transparent, semi permeable serous membrane that lines the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity and its organs

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18
Q

what is the peritoneum in contact with the body wall called?

A

parietal peritoneum

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19
Q

what is the peritoneum in contact with the organs called?

A

visceral

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20
Q

what is found between the visceral and parietal peritoneum?

A

the peritoneal cavity, which contains a small amount of lubricating fluid, which lets the organs move

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21
Q

what is inflammation of the peritoneum called?

A

peritonitis

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22
Q

what can cause inflammation of the peritoneum?

A

blood, pus or faeces in the peritoneal cavity

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23
Q

what is an intraperitoneal organ?

A

one that is wrapped in peritoneum

24
Q

name an intraperitoneal organ

A

the liver

25
Q

what is a retroperitoneal organ?

A

one that is behind the peritoneum

26
Q

name a retroperitoneal organ

A

the pancreas

27
Q

what is a mesentery?

A

a double layer of peritoneum

28
Q

name an organ with a mesentery

A

parts of the small intestine

29
Q

what is the greater omentum?

A

a four layer peritoneal fold that covers the intestines

30
Q

where does the lesser omentum come from and where does it attach?

A

comes from the inferior border of the liver

attaches to the lesser curvature of the stomach

31
Q

what is the role of the omentum?

A

divides the peritoneal cavity into a greater and lesser sac

32
Q

which is smaller, the lesser or greater sac?

A

lesser

33
Q

where is the majority of the lesser sac found?

A

behind the stomach and liver

34
Q

how do the greater and lesser sac communicate?

A

through the omental foramen

35
Q

where does the portal triad lie?

A

the free edge of the lesser omentum

36
Q

what is it called when excess fluid collects in the peritoneal cavity due to pathology?

A

ascites

37
Q

what procedure can be done to drain fluid from the peritoneal cavity?

A

paracentesis

38
Q

where is the needle placed in paracentesis and why?

A

lateral to the rectus sheath

this avoids the inferior epigastric artery

39
Q

what does the inferior epigastric artery arise from and where does it do this?

A

the external iliac

just medial to the deep inguinal ring

40
Q

where do sympathetic nerves leave the spinal cord?

A

between T5 and L2

41
Q

where do sympathetic nerves go once they have left the spinal cord?

A

the sympathetic chains

42
Q

how do sympathetic nerves leave the sympathetic chains?

A

within abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

43
Q

where do sympathetic nerves synapse?

A

prevertebral ganglia anterior to the aorta at the exit points of the abdominal aortas major exit points

44
Q

where do postsynaptic sympathetic nerves go and how?

A

they pass from the prevertebral ganglia onto the arterial branches of the abdominal aorta, where they take place in periarterial plexuses and “hitch a ride” with arteries to their target

45
Q

what has a different sympathetic supply?

A

the adrenal gland

46
Q

where do sympathetic fibres for the adrenal gland leave the spinal cord and where do they go next?

A

between T10 and L1

enter the abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

47
Q

where do sympathetic nerves synapse for the adrenal gland?

A

directly onto cells of the adrenal gland

48
Q

what term describes parasympathetic outflow?

A

craniosacral outflow

49
Q

where do visceral afferent fibres from foregut structures enter the spinal cord?

A

between T6 and T9

50
Q

where do visceral afferent fibres from midgut structures enter the spinal cord?

A

between T8 and T12

51
Q

where do visceral afferent fibres from hindgut structures enter the spinal cord?

A

between T10 and L2

52
Q

what four nerves supply the body wall?

A

thoracoabdominal
subcostal
iliohypogastric
ilioinguinal

53
Q

what makes the thoracoabdominal nerves?

A

7-11th intercostal nerves

54
Q

what makes the subcostal nerve?

A

T12 anterior ramus

55
Q

what makes the iliohypogastric nerve?

A

half of L1 anterior ramus

56
Q

what makes the ilioinguinal nerve?

A

half of L1 anterior ramus

Y1 Gastrointestinal (48 decks)

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