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Y1 Gastrointestinal > Structure + Function of the GI Tract > Flashcards

Structure + Function of the GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

what is aboral movement?

A

movement from mouth to anus

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2
Q

what is oral movement?

A

movement from anus to mouth

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3
Q

what are the roles of the mouth?

A

chops food
starts carbohydrate digestion
propels food to the oesophagus

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4
Q

what is the role of the oesophagus?

A

propels food to the stomach via peristalsis

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5
Q

what are the roles of the stomach?

A

stores + churns food
continues carb digestion
initiates protein digestion
regulates delivery of chyme to duodenum

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6
Q

what are the three parts of the small intestine?

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

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7
Q

what is the principal site of digestion and absorption of nutrients?

A

the small intestine

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8
Q

what are the three parts of the large intestine?

A

caecum
appendix
colon

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9
Q

what parts is the colon divided into?

A

ascending
transverse
descending
sigmoid

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10
Q

what are the roles of the colon?

A

reabsorbs fluid + electrolytes

stores faecal matter

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11
Q

what is the role of the rectum and anus?

A

regulated expulsion of faeces

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12
Q

what are the accessory structures of the GI tract?

A

salivary glands
pancreas
liver
gallbladder

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13
Q

what makes up the hepatobiliary system?

A

the liver and the gallbladder

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14
Q

name the layers of the GI tract wall, from inner to outer

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
serosa

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15
Q

what are the three layers of the mucosa?

A

mucous membrane (epithelium)
lamina propria
muscularis mucosae

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16
Q

what is the submucosa made of?

A

connective tissue

17
Q

what neurone network is found in the submucosa?

A

the submucous plexus

18
Q

what are the two layers of the muscularis externa?

A

inner circular layer

outer longitudinal layer

19
Q

what does contraction of the inner circular muscle of the muscularis externa do?

A

narrows and lengthens the lumen

20
Q

where is the myenteric plexus found?

A

between the two layers of the muscularis externa

21
Q

what is the role of the myenteric plexus?

A

it governs the muscle activity of the GI tract

22
Q

what does contraction of the outer longitudinal muscle of the muscularis externa do?

A

shortens and widens the lumen

23
Q

what is the serosa made of?

A

connective tissue

contains secretory cells

24
Q

what are the four major functions of the alimentary canal?

A

motility
secretion
digestion
absorption

25
Q

what parts of the GI tract contain skeletal muscle?

A

mouth
pharynx
upper oesophagus
external anal sphincter

26
Q

what type of muscle is most common for motility in the GI tract?

A

smooth

27
Q

what is chemical digestion?

A

chemical breakdown of complex foodstuffs into small absorbable units

28
Q

what are the two types of digestion?

A

chemical

physical

29
Q

what is physical digestion and where does it occur?

A

the chopping and churning of food

in the mouth, stomach and small intestine

30
Q

what does contraction of the muscularis mucosae cause?

A

a change in the absorptive and secretory area of the mucosa

also mixes the contents of the lumen, ensuring it is all digested

31
Q

why are smooth muscle cells in the GI tract electrically coupled, and what couples them?

A

to allow the slow wave of depolarisation to spread across the muscle

coupled by gap junctions

32
Q

what are the muscle cells in the digestive system called?

A

single unit muscle cells

33
Q

what cell drives the slow wave electrical activity of the GI tract and what type of cell is this?

A

interstitial cells of cajal (ICCs)

pacemaker cells

34
Q

when does contraction in the intestine occur?

A

only when slow wave amplitude is sufficient to reach threshold and triggers smooth muscle cell calcium action potentials

35
Q

what is the force of intestinal contraction related to?

A

the number of AP’s discharged

this is driven by the time the slow wave is above threshold

36
Q

what are slow waves also known as?

A

the basic electrical rhythm (BER)

Y1 Gastrointestinal (48 decks)

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