Unit 7: Industrialization And Economic Development Patterns And Processes Chapter 20: Topic 7.8 Flashcards
Using the earth’s resources without doing permanent damage to the environment.
Sustainability
Goal is to address problems caused by depletion of natural resources, mass consumption of goods, pollution of air and water, and the impact of climate change.
Sustainable Development
Impact on the environment.
Ecological Footprint
- Volcanic eruptions (natural events that humans do not control)
- Mixture of natural events and human actions. EX: dust storms sometimes occur naturally however, they are more likely to occur after farmers have removed deep-rooted natural vegetation that holds soil in place
- Human actions. EX: people pollute the air when they burn wood, coal, or oil. Humans pollute water when they dump waste from industries or allow farm chemicals to flow into rivers or lakes.
Causes of pollution
Pollution has impacts on plants, animals and humans. Pollution causes deaths which mostly affect children in low or middle income countries. Strains economies of countries by increasing health care costs and causing people to miss school and work because they are ill or taking care of someone who is. Costs of pollution are 6 percent of global economic output in a year.
Impact of pollution
Difficult to control because it spreads easily. Often, businesses that are causing the pollution do not want to stop because then their production costs will increase and they wont earn as much money. In many cases, pollution does not affect businesses since its effects are seen farther away. Solution is to force every company to reduce emissions. Clean Air Act 1970, reduced the emission of 6 different types of pollution by over 70%.
Efforts to control pollution
Worldwide temperatures increase. Human actions are the major cause of this. This has widespread consequences in the future.
- Diseases near equator spread
- Ocean levels rise as glaciers melt which could submerge homes near the coast
- Refugee crisis could be more common because of floods and droughts
Climate change
Travel to a region by people who are interested in its distinctive and unusual ecosystem. Money spent on travel can create incentives to protect these areas. If too many people visit a fragile ecosystem, they can damage it
Ecotourism
1) End all poverty in all of its forms everywhere (decline in poverty)
2) Achieve food security, improve nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture (60 million+ suffer from food insecurity).
3) Ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all ages (increase life expectancy and reduction in common diseases)
4) Inclusive and equitable quality education for all (increased access to education but 260 million children are not in school).
5) Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls (fewer child marriages and more women in politics)
6) Access to clean water and sanitation for all (increase)
7) Access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all (more access to electricity and more renewable resources)
8) Economic growth, productive employment and decent work for all (declining per capita income)
9) Increase investment in infrastructure to achieve sustainable development (more investments)
10) Reduce inequalities within and among countries (fewer inequalities at national scale but within countries vulnerable populations are still at risk)
11) Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable (more people live in slums)
12) Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns (some progress globally but not that much)
13) Combat climate change and its impacts (minor reductions in core countries and increased emissions in non-core countries)
14) Conserve and sustainably use oceans and marine resources (progress in reducing illegal fishing but few sustainable fishing practices.
15) Protect and restore terrestrial (land) ecosystems that halt biodiversity loss (most countries on track or making limited progress)
16) Promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies (more refugees)
17) Improve global partnership for sustainable development (increased global partnerships in trade, limited by COVID)
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Economic fortunes of Argentina and South Korea have been influenced by their physical locations as well as their toles within global trading networks.
Early 20th century, Argentina was much wealthier industrial growth created pull factors from Europe. Korea was an agricultural economy and it was ranked toward the bottom quarter of all countries.
Conditions Today, Argentina suffered from inflation, military dictatorships, and foreign debt. Collapsed economy. Today, Argentina is a semiperiphery country that relies on agricultural imports.
Korea has developed economically through intense education, govt subsidies, tough trade restriction and strong corporations. Focused on making products it exported.
Argentina and South Korea - Changing economies
