Unit 3: Cultural Patterns And Processes Chapter 7: Topic 3.7

Question 1

Scientists who study languages

Answer 1

Linguists

Question 2

The relationship among language families, it suggests how several languages are related to each other, as well as how one language grows out of another

Answer 2

Language Tree

Question 3

A large group of languages that might have descended from a language spoken around 6,000 years ago. nearly half of the world’s population speaks one of the languages of this language family. This family includes about 2.8 billion native speakers and between 400 and 500 languages. Ex: German, English, Russian, Polish, Irish, Welsh, French, Spanish, Greek, Hindi and Urdu

Answer 3

Indo-European Language Family

Question 4

The unifying language of Latin diverged into dozens of distinct regional languages Ex: Spanish, French, Italian, and Romanian

Answer 4

Romance Languages

Question 5

The boundaries between variations in pronunciations or word usage

Answer 5

Isoglosses

Question 6

Variations in accent, grammar, usage, and spelling create this or other regional variations of a language

Answer 6

Dialects

Question 7

Sayings that attempt to express a truth about life

Answer 7

Adages

Question 8

The names of places, these can provide insights into the physical geography, the history, or the culture of a location or region

Answer 8

Toponyms

Question 9

One designated by law to be the language of government

Answer 9

Official Language

Question 10

Made up largely of ethnically similar people Ex: Iceland, Japan, or Slovenia

Answer 10

Homogenous

Question 11

Believers in their faith

Answer 11

Adherents

Question 12

Are belief traditions that emphasize strong cultural characteristics among their followers

Answer 12

Ethnic Religions

Question 13

Actively seeks converts to its faith regardless of their ethnic backgrounds

Answer 13

Universal Religions

Question 14

Classified as an ethnic religion, includes the worship of many deities

Answer 14

Hinduism

Question 15

Having many Gods

Answer 15

Polytheistic

Question 16

Having one God

Answer 16

Monotheistic

Question 17

The idea that behaviors have consequences in the present life or a future life

Answer 17

Karma

Question 18

A rigid class structure that shaped Indian society

Answer 18

Caste System

Question 19

Religion that grew out of the teachings of a prince named Siddhartha who lived around 600 B.C.E

Answer 19

Buddhism

Question 20

Sought to eliminate desire and suffering, 4 main ideas of Buddhism

Answer 20

Four noble truths

Question 21

Siddhartha advised followers to escape the cycle of suffering through “right” views, hopes, speech, conduct, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and meditation

Answer 21

Eightfold Path

Question 22

Monotheistic faith founded by Guru Nanak in the Punjab region that crosses the border of India and Pakistan during the 16th century

Answer 22

Sikhism

Question 23

A Sikh’s place of worship, followers usually attend a service once a week

Answer 23

Gurdwara

Question 24

Monotheistic faith that believes the Torah expresses divine will

Answer 24

Judaism

Question 25

First five books of the Hebrew Bible in Judaism

Answer 25

Torah

Question 26

Systematic murder of 6 million Jews by Nazi Germany during World War II

Answer 26

Holocaust

Question 27

Followers if a Jewish teacher, Jesus. This evolved into their own religion based on the belief that Jesus was the son of God and the savior of humans

Answer 27

Christianity

Question 28

Religion followed by Muslims. They believe that Allah (God) revealed his teachings to humans through a series of prophets

Answer 28

Islam

Question 29

1) Belief in one God (Allah)
2) Ritual Prayer
3) Almsgiving (giving of wealth or volunteering for charitable causes)
4) Fasting (abstaining from food or drink)
5) Pilgrimage to Mecca

Answer 29

5 Pillars

Question 30

90% of Muslims

Answer 30

Sunni

Question 31

10% of Muslims

Answer 31

Shia

Question 32

A religious journey taken by a person to a sacred place of his or her religion

Answer 32

Pilgrimage