Unit 5: Agriculture and Rural Land-Use Patterns and Processes Chapter 14: Topic 5.12

Question 1

In the developing world, men migrate to urban areas in search of employment. Meanwhile, women stay at home working on the farm along with children. In operations where farmers sell their products at local markets, women are often the sellers. Where farming has modernized and machines have been introduced, women have become less involved with the field work. In large-scale agribusinesses, women have taken on additional roles. Besides raising crops, tending animals, and processing products, they work in management, sales, distribution, and research. Today, women are more likely to work outside the home, so they spend less time preparing food than previous generations. Men have become more involved in food preparation in the regions of the world with greater gender equality, particularly in households where both partners are working.

Answer 1

Gender Roles

Question 2

The unequal opportunities, treatment, or rights of a person based on gender.

Answer 2

Gender Inequality

Question 3

Discriminatory practices that prevent female farmers from reaching their potential productivity. Ex:
- Women are denied access to finance and capital. It is much more difficult for women to secure the necessary financing for farm inputs, such as machinery and agricultural chemicals. Therefore, female farmers are often not able to modernize and increase productivity.
- Women are denied training and education. Women are often excluded for opportunities to become familiar with new and improved practices to improve productivity and safety on their farms.
- Women are denied property ownership. Female property ownership is rare throughout the world, especially in peripheral countries.
- Women have limited mobility. In cultures where women face restrictions to their mobility, such as needing their husbands’ or fathers’ consent to leave their homes, it is difficult for women to either take farm products to the market to sell or trade, or to go to the market to acquire food.
- Women lack political power. When development projects are planned, women are rarely allowed leadership positions or consulted. Consequently, plants are implemented without the knowledge and ideas of women who will play a role in shaping the plan’s success or failure.

Answer 3

Gender-Specific Obstacles

Question 4

Lack of gender equality results in _____ of 20 to 30 percent between male- and female-run farms. Female-run farms are much less productive because of gender-specific obstacles.

Answer 4

Crop Gap

Question 5

Where tourists visit farms for recreational reasons. It has become more common for farms to provide entertainment and hospitality experiences for consumers. This is especially important to smaller family farms.

Answer 5

Agritourism