Unit 6: Cities and Urban Land-Use Patterns and Processes Chapter 15: Topic 6.1

Question 1

Permanently inhabited portion of the Earth’s surface, variety of community types with a range of population densities.

Answer 1

Ecumene

Question 2

Farms and villages, low concentrations of people

Answer 2

Rural

Question 3

Cities, high concentrations of people

Answer 3

Urban

Question 4

Residential areas near cities

Answer 4

Suburbs

Question 5

A place with a permanent human population

Answer 5

Settlement

Question 6

Before, people survived by practicing hunting and gathering, living in temporary movable shelters. Over time, agricultural settlements became the 1st true urban settlements (cities):
- Agricultural surplus
- Rise of social stratification and a leadership class or urban elite
- The beginning of job specialization
Increased number of people in the same location. Cities developed as economic centers of services, manufacturing, and trade.

Answer 6

Factors driving urbanization

Question 7

The process of developing towns and cities

Answer 7

Urbanization

Question 8

An indicator of the proportion of the population that lives in cities and towns as compared to those that live in rural areas

Answer 8

Percent Urban

Question 9

Describes characteristics at the immediate location (ex: physical features, climate, labor force, human structures).

Answer 9

Site

Question 10

Refers to the location of a place relative to its surroundings and its connectivity to other places (ex: near a gold mine, on the coast, by the railroad)

Answer 10

Situation

Question 11

Consisted of an urban center (city) and its surrounding territory and agricultural villages. Has its own political system and functions independently. Population in surrounding villages and territory receives services and protection from the urban center. These were often raided, therefore, defense was a primary consideration, military leaders evolved into political rulers or kings.

Answer 11

City-state

Question 12

Area generally associated with defensible sites and river valleys in which seasonal floods and fertile soils allowed for an agricultural surplus.
- Tigris-Euphrates Valley (Mesopotamia) modern Iraq
- Nile River Valley and Nile Delta modern Egypt
- Indus River Valley modern Pakistan
- Huang-He floodplain modern China

Answer 12

Urban hearth (historical examples)

Question 13

Usually defined as a central city plus land development for commercial, industrial, or residential purposes, and includes the surrounding suburbs

Answer 13

Urban area

Question 14

Higher-density area with territory inside officially recognized political boundaries.

Answer 14

City

Question 15

A collection of adjacent cities economically connected, across which population density is high and continuous. Ex: _______ of Denver, Colorado is Denver, Aurora, Lakewood, Englewood, Greenwood Village, and other neighboring, legally defined cities.

Answer 15

Metropolitan Area (metro area)

Question 16

Another way to define a city. 50,000 people, the county in which it is located, and adjacent counties that have a high degree of social and economic integration, or connection, with the urban core.

Answer 16

Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)

Question 17

Cities of more than 10,000 inhabitants (less than 50,000), the county in which they are located, and surrounding counties with a high degree of integration.

Answer 17

Micropolitan Statistical Area

Question 18

A focal point in a matrix of connections

Answer 18

Nodal region

Question 19

Physical characteristics. Ex: buildings, streets, public places, homes, etc.

Answer 19

Morphology

Question 20

• Social heterogeneity: population of cities contains a greater variety of people.
• Immigration- Centers of immigration.
• Diversity- Urban residents are generally more accustomed to diversity than people in non-urban areas.

Answer 20

Population characteristics of cities (3)

Question 21

Improvements in transportation and communication have aided the growth of cities in size and number. Urban areas have expanded as trains, buses, and cars have enabled people to move farther from the center of the city but still visit or work in the city. _____ in the form of transportation improvements has led to urban growth.

Answer 21

Time-space compression

Question 22

Describes urban growth based on transportation technology. Each form of technology produced a new system that changed how people moved themselves and goods in and between urban areas.
Must memorize chart in textbook

Answer 22

Borchert’s Transportation Model (chart)

Question 23

Using cars and the highways built to facilitate movement, the population of cities spread out over ever-increasing distances from the urban core. US interstate highway system had situational advantages of accessibility to road networks to transport goods or services more efficiently.

Answer 23

Transportation impacts on cities

Question 24

Cities shaped by the distances people could walk

Answer 24

Pedestrian cities

Question 25

Communities that grew up along rail lines, emerged, often creating a pinwheel shaped city.

Answer 25

Streetcar Suburbs

Question 26

Telecommunication technology has made it easier for cities to receive information. Cities require connectivity in order to thrive. Advanced communication networks are essential to attract large corporations, factories, or high-tech companies to an urban area in order to encourage further economic growth.

Answer 26

Communications impacts on cities

Question 27

Rural-to-urban migration has caused the growth in cities. Cities promise the hope of economic opportunities and cultural freedoms. People are more attracted to more densely populated cities to obtain higher paying jobs and more government services. Ex: Periphery and semi-periphery countries (China, India and Brazil) experience the most rural-to-urban migration meanwhile, the US, has domestic and international migration.

Answer 27

Population and migration impacts on cities

Question 28

Policies are developed to guide and encourage the growth of cities. Local policies can create economic incentives, such as low-cost loans, lower taxes, or cheap available land to encourage economic development. Economic functions of cities can also change over time, cities compete with each other to attract companies and jobs.

Answer 28

Economic development and government policies impacts on cities