Unit 6: Cities and Urban Land-Use Patterns and Processes Chapter 16: Topic 6.6 Flashcards
Cities and counties use these to balance competing desires. They are regulations that define how property in specific geographic regions may be used. There are 3 categories
- Residential, where people live
- Commercial, where people and businesses sell goods and services
- Industrial, where businesses make things
Zoning Ordinance
A process of promoting growth and controlling change in land use
Urban Planning
As one moves farther from the inner city, population and housing-unit density declines, and types of housing change.
Residential density gradient
Homeowners tear down existing homes and build new ones that are much larger. These new homes do not always conform to the style of other homes in the neighborhood.
McMansion
The process in which houses pass from one social group to another. Neighborhoods undergo transformations over time as existing residents move out and new ones move in. Usually occurs when people with less wealth move into the houses after wealthier residents move creating a ripple effect down the social scale.
Filtering
The process by which one social or ethnic group gradually replaces another through filtering.
Invasion and succession
Way to reduce urban sprawl on the outer edges of the city. The process of increasing the residential density of an area by replacing open space and vacant housing with residences.
Urban infill
Stores that are usually plainly designed and often resembles a large box. EX: Walmart, Target, IKEA. These have been successful in suburbs
Big-box retail stores
The movement of commerce out of cities to suburbs where rents are cheaper and commutes for employees are shorter. As a result, cities have faced declines in job opportunities, consumer choices, and services.
Suburbanization of business
Outside, the residential density gradient does not usually run from higher to lower the farther one goes from the CBD. Instead, population density tends to increase in the suburbs even though land is more plentiful. In Europe, centers of cities contain many historic structures and population densities are low. Suburbs on the edges of the central cities contain multistory apartment complexes and have very high population densities. Latin America, peripheral areas of cities contain suburbs typical of the US, with single-family houses with lower densities, and also suburbs similar to Europe with high-rise apartments. Very densely settled squatter settlements, or favelas, are where the poorest residents live. Gated communities are common in Latin America as the region develops. Security-minded neighborhoods are emerging in residential areas in all regions of the world today.
The difference in residential land use outside vs. inside the US
