Unit 2: Population and Migration Patterns and Processes Chapter 5: Topic 2.10 Flashcards
Permanent or semi permanent relocation of people from one place to another
Migration
A movement made by choice
Voluntary Migration
Negative circumstances, events, or conditions present where they live that compels a person to leave
Push Factors
Once migrants decide to leave, they usually choose a destination based on its positive conditions and circumstances
Pull Factors
The most common reason people migrate is that they lack jobs and economic opportunities. These migrants go to areas offering greater chances for economic prosperity.
Economic Factors
People will often migrate when they experience discrimination and persecution because of their ethnicity, race, gender, or religion. They move to locations where they can practice their culture safely. People are often influenced by kinship links, or ties with relatives who have already settled in a place.
Social Factors
People who oppose the policies of a government often migrate because they face discrimination, arrest, and persecution. These migrants move to countries where they feel safe and have protection from the danger they faced in their home country
Political Factors
People often migrate to escape harm from natural disasters, drought, and other unfavorable environmental conditions. Such migrants move to areas that are not under the same environmental stresses
Environmental Factors
Some countries are unbalanced demographically. For example, in the case of a gender imbalance, young adults may not find someone to marry. Or if the population is too young, the country may eventually become overpopulated.
Demographic Factors
Wilbur Zelinsky’s theory, Zelinsky saw a connection between migration patterns and the demographic transition model. He argued that countries in stage 2 and 3 of the DTM experience rapid population growth and overcrowding. This overcrowding limits the economic opportunities of the people and acts as a push factor. Thus, they migrate to less-crowded stage 4 or 5 countries, which offer greater economic opportunities with growing economies and aging populations.
Migration Transition Model
An idea proposed by geographer Everett Lee in 1966, he stated that migrants may encounter barriers that make reaching their desired destination more difficult.
Intervening Obstacles
Migrants may also encounter opportunities in route that disrupt their original migration plan
Intervening Opportunities
In the 1880s, German geographer E.G. Ravenstein observed patterns, sometimes referred to as laws, about migration tendencies and demographics. They still form the basis for migration today.
Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration
The idea that things near one another are more closely connected than things that are far apart
Distance Decay
The model assumes that the size and distance between two cities and countries will influence the amount of interactions that include migration, travel and economic activity. The larger the population of a city or country, the more pull the location will have with migrants seeking economic opportunities. However, as the distance between two locations increases the pull or gravity weakens and the person may choose a closer place to migrate.
Gravity Model of Migration
