Unit 3: Cultural Patterns and Processes Chapter 6: Topic 3.2

Question 1

When many modern cultural landscapes exhibit a great deal of homogeneity

Answer 1

Placelessness

Question 2

A visible reflection of culture or the built environment. This concept encompasses any human alteration to the landscape. Ex: skyscrapers, cleared fields

Answer 2

Cultural Landscape

Question 3

A style that reflects a local culture’s history, beliefs, values, and community adaptations to the environment, and typically utilizes locally available materials. Ex: Spanish adobe (mud) homes common in Southwestern US

Answer 3

Traditional Architecture

Question 4

An extension of postmodern architecture. This style uses multiple advances to create buildings that rotate, curve, and stretch the limits of size and height. Ex: 2015 Shanghai Tower in China

Answer 4

Contemporary Architecture

Question 5

Refers to the membership within a group of people who have common experiences and share similar characteristics such as ancestry, language, customs, and history

Answer 5

Ethnicity

Question 6

Clusters of people of the same culture that are often surrounded by people of the dominant culture in the region. Ex: Chinatown and Little Mogadishu. They have stores and religious institutions that are supported by the ethnic enclaves, signs in traditional language, and architecture

Answer 6

Ethnic Enclaves

Question 7

Clarifies the importance of cultural values on the distribution of power in societies. Certain behaviors have been acceptable for only one gender, and are often only in certain spaces

Answer 7

Gendered Spaces

Question 8

Are usually determined based on characteristics such as religion, language, and ethnicity (unless regions are clearly defined by clear features). Ex: border between US and Mexico

Answer 8

Cultural Regions

Question 9

A specific place or natural feature that has a religious significance. Ex: followers of Shinto view certain mountains and rocks as the homes of spirits

Answer 9

Sacred Places

Question 10

This religious group’s churches often feature a tall steeple topped with a cross (they believe that Jesus was resurrected after dying on a cross). The churches that are closer to the eastern Mediterranean tend to have a dome-shaped roof (Roman traits), churches in Northern Europe have steep-pitched roofs (that way snow does not build up on top of the church). They bury the dead in cemeteries, most burials are underground.

Answer 10

Christian Landscape

Question 11

These temples often have elaborately carved exteriors. Many of these shrines are located near rivers and streams so that believers have a place to bathe for the purpose of purification. These people practice cremation (the ritual of burning a dead body as an act of purification). Shortage of wood has made this process very difficult and the ashes of the deceased are often spread in the Ganges River.

Answer 11

Hindu Landscape

Question 12

This religious group emphasizes meditating and living in harmony with nature. These are represented in stupas (structures that store important relics and memorialize important events and beliefs). They are built to symbolize earth, water, fire, air, and space. Pagodas are used as temples and people can enter into larger pagodas. Believers often meditate near both sacred places. The decision to cremate or to bury the dead is a personal choice and consequently, the imprint on the cultural landscape differs.

Answer 12

Buddhist Landscape

Question 13

This group worships in synagogues or temples (these synagogues vary by size). They were once concentrated in the Middle East however, they spread around the world because of exile or persecution, or through voluntary migration. The burial of the dead customarily occurs before sundown on the day following death.

Answer 13

Jewish Landscape

Question 14

Occurs when one group of people is dispersed to various locations

Answer 14

Diaspora

Question 15

The mosque is the most prominent structure on the landscape and is usually located in the center of town. These mosques have domes surrounded by a few minarets (beacons) from which daily prayer is called. Burial of the dead is to be done as soon as possible, and burials are in cemeteries.

Answer 15

Islamic Landscape

Question 16

The cultural hearth is Japan, it emphasizes honoring one’s ancestors and the relationship between people and nature. One common landscape feature of this religion is an impressive gateway, or torii, to mark the transition from the outside world to a sacred space

Answer 16

Shinto Landscape

Question 17

The first group to establish cultural or religious customs in a space Ex: Native Americans were ___ in the Americas

Answer 17

Charter Group

Question 18

Ethnic concentrations form in rural areas. These groups have little interaction with other groups which causes them to maintain a strong and long-lasting sense of cohesion.

Answer 18

Ethnic Islands (Rural)

Question 19

Often occupied by migrants who settle in a charter group’s former space. The charter group has already shaped much of the landscape, but new arrivals create their own influence as well. Usually, members of a particular ethnic group cluster in particular regions. These members might choose to live close together for cultural reasons or they have specific needs requiring special funding. Ex: African Americans are concentrated in the southeast of the US and they are usually clustered in large cities in particular neighborhoods.

Answer 19

Ethnic Neighborhoods (Urban)

Question 20

Process in which ethnic groups move in and out of neighborhoods and create new cultural imprints on the landscape

Answer 20

Sequent Occupancy

Question 21

The process of re-embracing the uniqueness and authenticity of a place. Ex: A neighborhood in a large city might hold a festival to honor the cuisine, religion, and history of the migrants who settled in the community.

Answer 21

Neolocalism