Unit 5: Agriculture and Rural Land-Use Patterns and Processes Chapter 11: Topic 5.1

Question 1

The process by which humans alter the landscape in order to raise crops and livestock for consumption and trade.

Answer 1

Agriculture

Question 2

The long-term weather patterns in a region. Ex: Coffee grows best on hillsides in warm climates, such as Kenya or Colombia. Olives, grapes, and figs do well in the soil and climate near the Mediterranean Sea. Those foods became dietary stables for people in the region

Answer 2

Climate

Question 3

Goal is to grow enough food or raise enough livestock to meet the immediate needs of the farmer and his or her family. A secondary goal is to sell or trade any surplus for income or goods. These farmers live in less-developed regions where land is limited, advanced agricultural technologies have made it difficult to grow excess food to sell or trade.

Answer 3

Subsistence Agriculture

Question 4

Primary goal is to grow enough crops or raise enough livestock to sell for profit. Common in developed countries, they use the profit to get better equipment and get the newest farming techniques.

Answer 4

Commercial Agriculture

Question 5

Practices in which farmers or ranchers use large amounts of inputs, such as energy, fertilizers, labor, or machines to maximize yields.

Answer 5

Intensive

Question 6

Practices that use fewer amounts of the inputs and typically result in less yields.

Answer 6

Extensive

Question 7

The money invested in land, equipment, and machines.

Answer 7

Capital

Question 8

Type of subsistent extensive agriculture, practiced in arid and semi-arid climates throughout the world. Nomads rely on the animals for survival (meat for food and hides for clothing and shelter. They move their herds to different pastures within their territory and often trade meat for crops with nearby subsistence farmers.

Answer 8

Pastoral Nomadism

Question 9

Type of subsistent extensive farming, farmers grow crops on a piece of land for a year or two. When the soil loses fertility, they move to another field.

Answer 9

Shifting Cultivation

Question 10

A large commercial farm that specializes in one crop.

Answer 10

Plantation

Question 11

Intensive commercial integrated system that demonstrates an interdependence between crops and animals.

Answer 11

Mixed Crop and Livestock

Question 12

Wheat raised in regions too dry.

Answer 12

Grain Farming

Question 13

Intensive farming (also referred to as truck farming), this is the farming of fruits and vegetables that are driven to markets and sold.

Answer 13

Commercial Gardening

Question 14

A farm that produces milk or milk products, and are usually around big urban areas.

Answer 14

Dairy Farming

Question 15

The geographic distance that milk is delivered.

Answer 15

Milk Shed

Question 16

Practiced in regions with hot, dry summers, mild winters, narrow valleys, and often some irrigation. Some of these regions include Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, California, and central Chile. They grow crops such as figs, dates, olives and grapes.

Answer 16

Mediterranean Agriculture

Question 17

The seasonal herding of animals from higher elevations in the summer to lower elevations and valleys in the winter (goats and sheep are the principal livestock because of the region’s rugged terrain).

Answer 17

Transhumance

Question 18

Commercial grazing of animals confined to a specific area. This is found in areas that are too dry and grow crops in large quantities.

Answer 18

Livestock Ranching