Unit 4 - Lateralization Flashcards
The cerebral hemispheres interact through the large white matter tract called ______________.
corpus callosum
The _______ cerebral hemisphere controls verbal abilities and handedness
left
The _________ cerebral hemisphere controls visuospatial and attention abilities
right
When studying lateralization, __________ presentations are used for auditory processing and _________ presentations are used for visual processing.
dichotic, tachistoscopic
Presentation of separate sounds to each ear through headphones
Dichotic listening
During a dichotic listening task there is better detection of auditory information delivered to the _______ ear (left hemisphere).
right
Auditory asymmetry in the planum temporale is larger in the _____ hemisphere in most individuals.
left
Brief (less than 150 ms) presentation to just the left visual field (LVF) or right visual field (RVF)
Tachistoscope test
The _______ visual field in the _______ hemisphere is generally better at responding to verbal stimuli.
right, left
The ______ visual field in the ______ hemisphere is generally better at responding to faces, objects, and spatial stimuli
left, right
Surgery developed in the 1960s to control severe epilepsy by severing the corpus callosum
Split-brain
In right-handed people ___% have language dominance in the left hemisphere
95
In left handed people ____% have language dominance in the left hemisphere.
75
A test to isolate one hemisphere by anesthetizing the other
Wada test
The transmission of information between individuals
communication
Communication in which arbitrary sounds or symbols are arranged according to grammar to convey an almost limitless variety of concepts
Language
Limited span of time during which language exposure and practice must occur for language to develop normally
sensitive periods for language
There is evidence that certain genes, such as the ______ genes, are particularly important to language development
FoxP2
Impairment in language production or understanding caused by brain injury
Aphasia
Aphasia is usually associated with damage to the ______ hemisphere
left
Impairment in writing
agraphia
Impairment in reading
alexia
Motor impairment: difficulty making sequences of movement
Apraxia
Region of the left inferior frontal region involved in speech production
Broca’s area
Difficulty producing speech, reading and writing impaired, and language compression often intact
Broca’s aphasia
Region of the left posterior temporoparietal cortex involved in language comprehension
Wernicke’s area
Difficulty comprehending language, product lots of verbal output with paraphasias and nelogisms, have difficulty repeating words or sentences
Wernicke’s Aphasia
White matter tract connecting Wernicke’s area to Broca’s area
Arcuate Fasciculus
Damage to the arcuate fasciculus causes ________ aphasia; difficulty in repeating speech, may retain language comprehension and basic speech production
Conduction
The ____________ model of aphasia demonstrates that language deficits arise from disconnection among regions in the language network
Connectionist
