PSYC 210 - Hormones & Sex Flashcards
Reproduction
Most hormones are produced by ________ glands and circulated in the bloodstream to other parts of the body.
endocrine
Production of hormones often involves a ___________; ensures that hormone levels remain within a specific range.
negative feedback control
________ hormones are small protein molecules such as ACTH, FSH, LH, vasopressin, and oxytocin.
peptide
Peptides are made from linking __________.
amino acids
______ hormones consist of modified versions of a single amino acid.
amine (monoamine)
_______ hormones are derived from cholesterol, such as testosterone, estrogens, glucocorticoids, and mineralocorticoids.
steroid
_________ hormones must bind with respective receptors to produce their function.
steroid
During reproductive signaling in females, feedback control mechanisms regulate hormone secretion in the ________. Hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells produce releasing hormones to promote secretion of ____________ hormones in the pituitary gland. LH and FSH act on the _________.
HPG axis, tropic, gonad
During reproductive signaling in males, _______ stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release to release LH and FSH. ______ stimulates the testes to produce testosterone, and _______ will then stimulate the testes to produce sperm.
GnRH, LH, FSH
Testosterone promotes __________ sex characteristics and sexual _________ after puberty.
secondary, behavior
testosterone promotes sexual behavior
activational effect
Athletic and intellectual winning increases _________ levels.
testosterone
The negative feedback control system in males causes testosterone to inhibit the ________ and pituitary _____ and _____.
GnRH, LH, FSH
During the follicular phase, _____ stimulates the ovaries to mature an egg and secrete estrogen.
FSH
During the follicular phase, estrogen stimulates the release of ____, which causes the ovaries to release an egg (ovulation) and secrete progesterone.
LH
During the luteal phase, ____ stimulates the ovaries to release progesterone. The corpus luteum then causes a 2nd ______ rise. High estrogen inhibits _______ and progesterone inhibits ___.
LH, estrogen, FSH, LH
Birth control pills keep low ____ levels to prevent ovulation.
LH
Menopause occurs when eggs run out and ______ stays high.
FSH
During positive feedback control, GnRH stimulates the release of _____ and _____.
FSH, LH
During positive feedback control, FSH stimulates the ovary to produce ________ and ______ maturation. High estrogen and LH stimulates the ovary to produce __________ and ovulation.
estrogens, egg, progesterone,
Estrogen promotes _________ sex characteristics.
secondary
________ prepares the uterus for implantation of fertilized egg and the breasts for milk secretion.
progesterone
During negative feedback control, estrogen inhibits _____ and pituitary ______. Progesterone _______ and pituitary _____.
GnRH, FSH, GnRH, LH
In rodents, ________ are essential for activating mating behaviors.
sex hormones
In male rats, _________ is needed to show interest and performance intromission and ejaculation.
testosterone
In female rats, _________ facilitates proceptive behaviors and _________ increases proceptive behaviors and activates receptivity.
estrogen, progesterone
The menstrual cycle of female primates does not require hormones for sex, but prefer sex during ________.
ovulation
In women, sex hormones are not required, and menstrual status does not affect ________.
sexual drive
Males require _________ to have sexual desire and performance.
testosterone
_________ is defined by the absence of menses for 1 year.
menopause
What is the average age of menopause?
51
__________ therapy and other non-hormonal treatments can be used to treat menopausal symptoms.
hormone replacement
__________, or late-onset hypogonadism, occurs in aging men with decline in their testosterone levels.
andropause
