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PSYC 210 - Behavioral Neuroscience > Unit 3 - Neurological Disorders > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Neurological Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

The input from the thalamus back to upper motor neurons causes more __________ to be released by the cerebral cortex resulting in more locomotions.

A

glutamate

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2
Q

___% of the US population over 65 has Parkinson’s Disease.

A

1

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3
Q

________ causes body tremors when at rest and is commonly observed in hands/fingers.

A

Parkinson’s Disease

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4
Q

slow movement causes by Parkinson’s Disease

A

Bradykinesia

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5
Q

Decreased amplitude of movement caused by Parkinson’s Disease.

A

Hypokinesia

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6
Q

Disrupted ability to initiate movement caused by Parkinson’s disease.

A

akinesia

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7
Q

Parkinson’s Disease is caused by a loss of __________ from the substantia nigra to the basal ganglia.

A

dopamine

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8
Q

What are the two known treatments for Parkinson’s Disease?

A

L-DOPA and deep brain stimulation

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9
Q

precursor to dopamine

A

L-DOPA

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10
Q

Supplementation of L-DOPA for people with Parkinson’s Disease results in an increase in ___________ in the brain and progressive decrease in efficacy.

A

dopamine

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11
Q

stimulating electrodes surgically implanted in the brain

A

deep brain stimulation

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12
Q

Common targets of deep brain stimulation are the _____________ internal segment and _________ nucleus.

A

pallidus internal, subthalamic

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13
Q

Because there is a loss of dopamine neurons for Parkinson’s Disease patients, there is _______________ excitation of glutamate back to the cortex.

A

decreased

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14
Q

Huntington’s disease has an incidence rate of _____/100,000

A

5-10

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15
Q

______________ causes sudden jerky, involuntary movements (chorea), problems with balance and coordination, and jerky, rapid eye movements.

A

Huntington’s Disease

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16
Q

Huntington’s Disease is an __________ condition caused by a single abnormal gene resulting in a degeneration of cells in the ____________.

A

inherited, basal ganglia

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17
Q

Huntington’s disease causes a disruption to the indirect pathway, which results in ___________ excitation back to the cortex.

A

increased

18
Q

A method for measuring electrical activity (brain waves) in the brain by means of electrodes placed on the scalp.

A

EEG

19
Q

Electrical activity generated at ___________ summate in space and time. They then passively propagate through extracellular space and through the _______ and _______ to electrodes.

A

synapses, skull, scalp

20
Q

EEG’s are common for ________ studies and __________ diagnosis/treatment.

A

sleep, epilepsy

21
Q

a brief, strong surge of electrical activity in the brain

A

seizure

22
Q

A ________ seizure is confined to one brain region.

A

focal

23
Q

A ___________ seizure starts synchronously across brain regions

A

primary generalized

24
Q

A ____________ seizure starts as a focal seizure, then spreads to other areas

A

secondary generalized

25
Q

2 or more spontaneous, unprovoked seizures separated in time

A

epilepsy

26
Q

1 in ____ adults will have a seizure, while 1 in ___ adults will develop epilepsy.

A

10, 26

27
Q

________ new cases of epilepsy are diagnosed each year.

A

150,000

28
Q

sudden, quick arrhythmic muscle contraction (sporadic)

A

myoclonic seizures

29
Q

muscle stiffness or rigidity

A

tonic seizure

30
Q

repetitive jerking movements

A

clonic seizure

31
Q

loss of muslce tone

A

atonic seizure

32
Q

brief loss of consciousness

A

absence seizure

33
Q

early signs a seizure may be coming (not always experienced)

A

prodrome and aura stage of seizure

34
Q

EEG activity and/or behavioral changes associated with a seizure; time from first symptom to end of seizure

A

ictal stage of seizure

35
Q

recovery stage and after-effects of seizure

A

post-ictal stage of seizure

36
Q

EEG activity in between seizures, such as interictal spikes

A

interictal stage of seizure

37
Q

__________ lobe epilepsy is the most common form of focal epilepsy in adults.

A

focal

38
Q

___________ epilepsy (TLE) is often characterized by lesions/sclerosis of hippocampus, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, and associated areas.

A

temporal lobe

39
Q

Temporal lobe epilepsy typically arises after some form of severe ____________, but can be idiopathic.

A

insult

40
Q

The most common form of intractable epilepsy

A

temporal lobe epilepsy

PSYC 210 - Behavioral Neuroscience (15 decks)

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