PSYC 210: Sensory Processing and Behavior Flashcards
Touch, audition, vision, smell, and taste have different modalities, but they are all processed as ____________ in the nervous system.
action potentials
Sensory processing occurs in a ______________ organization.
hierarchical
Receptor cells detect your sensory stimuli, then the sensory information goes to your sensory __________.
cortex
Receptor cells may be widely distributed or in one place. For example, the somatosensory system has receptors expressed everywhere in your _________.
skin
Receptor cells are not always neurons. For the somatosensory system, the receptor cells are ___________.
neurons
Sensory information from the receptor neurons can bypass the brainstem and thalamus via the ____________.
olfactory bulb
___________ projection refers to information detected on the corresponding side of your body.
ipsilateral
__________ projection refers to information detected on the opposite side of your body.
contralateral
The _____________ system information relays information about the body, such as touch and temperature.
somatosensory
____________ allows you to know where your are, such as knowing you are sitting in a chair.
proprioception
You feel heartburn, itch, and pain through the __________ system.
somatosensory
___________ refers to itching, while __________ refers to pain.
proprioception, nociception
Because each receptor cell sends a signal on a particular line, the brain knows what sort of _________ happened.
touch
There are ___________ for distinctive sensory experiences meaning that different qualities of touch are detected by respective receptors and neurons to the brain.
labeled lines,
Receptors _________ a physical stimulus into neural events.
transduce
In the skin, each receptor has a __________ that responds to a specific attribute of the stimulus.
specialized ending
The Pacinian corpuscle responds to deep ____________and rapid ____________.
pressure, vibrations
Merkel’s disks respond to ___________.
light touch
Ruffini endings respond to ___________, stretch, and __________.
pressure, warmth
Meissner’s corpuscles respond to _________ and ___________.
touch, vibrations
Merkel’s disc and Meissner’s corpuscle are at the ___________ of the skin, while Pacinian corpuscle and Ruffini corpuscle are at the _________ level of the skin.
surface, deeper
Skin receptors are ___________.
mechanoreceptors
Every sensory neuron has a _________ in which it is responsible for communication.
receptive field
Each ________ or __________ detects stimuli from a part of the world and then relays and represents the information the brain.
sensory receptor, neuron
The ______________ of a neuron is the area of the skin the neuron is responsible for.
receptive field
___________ creates large receptive fields.
convergence
Small receptive fields are found in more __________ areas.
sensitive
convergence of primary neurons allows simultaneous subthreshold stimuli to sum at the ____________ sensory neuron and initiate an action potential.
secondary
When fewer neurons converge, secondary receptive fields are much __________.
smaller
Neuronal cell bodies are in the ____________.
dorsal root ganglion
Your finger would have ___________ receptive fields because your somatosensory system in your finger needs to be very sensitive.
smaller
The cell body of your primary sensory neuron is unique in that it is located in the dorsal root ganglion of your __________
spinal cord
Information ascends _____________ in the dorsal columns to the medulla, where information crosses the midline and then to the _____________ cortex through the thalamus.
ipsilaterally, somatosensory
Cell bodies of the ____________ somatosensory neurons are in the dorsal root ganglion along the spinal cord.
primary
The ___________ the injury happens in the spinal cord, the more severe the impairment because information has to travel to get to the brain.
higher
Each segment of your spinal cord is a ________ of your somatosensory system.
dermatome
Sensory information goes through the dorsal root ganglion then enters the ____________.
dorsal columns
each spinal segment innervates a surface area of the body
dermatome
Information travels from the dorsal columns to the ____________, where action potentials of the primary sensory information are passed down to the ___________ sensory neurons.
medulla, second order
The primary somatosensory cortex is just posterior to the ____________
central sulcus
Information is projected ____________ from the second order sensory neurons in the medulla to the __________ where it is then sent to your ____________ somatosensory cortex.
contralaterally, thalamus, primary
Somatosensory information is represented in the ___________ of the thalamus.
ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL)
__________ information is transmitted to the VPL (ventral posterolateral nucleus) and then to the primary somatosensory cortex.
touch
The secondary somatosensory cortex is just an ___________ that also receives other sensory information such as vision.
association area
The secondary somatosensory cortex has __________ neurons that receive sensory information.
polymodal
Your somatosensory system contains receptors in not only your skin, but also your ____________
internal organs
Somatosensory _________ refers to the fact that the somatosensory cortex is organized according to a map of the body surface.
homunculus
_________ refers to the size of somatosensory representation changes with experience or deprivation.
neuroplasticity
You can alleviate tinnitus through stimulating your _______ neuron.
taste
