Unit 4 - Attention

Question 1

When the focus coincides with the sensory orientation

Answer 1

overt attention

Question 2

When the focus is independent of sensory orientation

Answer 2

Cover attention

Question 3

Location of covert spatial attention

Answer 3

Attentional spotlight

Question 4

Two or more streams of sensory information are simultaneously presented and participants are asked to attend to just one

Answer 4

Shadowing experiments

Question 5

Failure to process non-attended stimuli

Answer 5

Inattentional blindness

Question 6

A task in which a person is asked to attend to 2+ things at once

Answer 6

Divided attention experiment

Question 7

Most “multitasking”/divided attention tasks requires quickly switching our _______________ back and forth across focus items.

Answer 7

attentional spotlight

Question 8

A filter created by the limits of attentional processes that only allow somethings to pass through

Answer 8

Attentional bottleneck

Question 9

________ models of attention state that unattended information is filtered out immediately during sensory processing

Answer 9

Early selection

Question 10

_________ models of attention state that unattended information is only filtered at later stages of processing

Answer 10

late-selection

Question 11

fMRI, EEG, and neurophysiology prove that attention modifies ______________.

Answer 11

sensory processing

Question 12

Attention directed toward a specific input depending on our goals (endogenous, goal-directed, and top-down)

Answer 12

voluntary

Question 13

Automated re-orienting of attention to a particular input, out of your control - automatic (exogenous, reflexive, and bottom-up)

Answer 13

Involuntary attention

Question 14

Used to study spatial attention; demonstrates attention can be directed to a specific location, enhancing the processing of information at that location.

Answer 14

Posner cueing paradigm

Question 15

Delayed timing in the Posner cuing paradigm can be manipulated to study _________ and __________ attention.

Answer 15

voluntary, involuntary

Question 16

Involuntary attention can lead to ___________: interference with processing cued location after 200 ms

Answer 16

inhibition of return

Question 17

__________ or __________ search is easy, automatic and depends on involuntary attention mechanisms

Answer 17

pop-out, feature

Question 18

__________ search is hard and requires effort - depends on voluntary attention mechanisms

Answer 18

conjunction

Question 19

measures electrical activity of neurons non-invasively, through electrodes placed on the scalp

Answer 19

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Question 20

EEG can be used to index cognitive, emotional, and attentional responses to stimuli (_______________)

Answer 20

event related potentials

Question 21

EEG has ________ temporal resolution but ________ spatial resolution

Answer 21

good, poor

Question 22

Attention can alter early perceptual _________ components. This is linked with processing in extrastriate visual regions.

Answer 22

ERP

Question 23

fMRI has _________ spatial resolution but _______ temporal resolution

Answer 23

good, poor

Question 24

When nerve cells are active they increase consumption of energy which results in increased blood flow. ________ indexes this distribution of blood flow to make inference about the level of activation of neural tissue

Answer 24

fMRI

Question 25

fMRI studies show that attention increases signals relevant to the ___________ information.

Answer 25

attended

Question 26

According to fMRI studies, spatial attention increases signals related to _________.

Answer 26

space

Question 27

Attention to faces increases signals in _______ regions.

Answer 27

face

Question 28

The _________ attention network contain the intraparietal sulcus and frontal eye field.

Answer 28

dorsal

Question 29

The ________ attention network contains the temporoparietal junction and ventral frontal cortex

Answer 29

ventral

Question 30

The dorsal frontoparietal system is the cognitive control of __________ attention

Answer 30

voluntary

Question 31

The _________ attention network is used for _________ attention.

Answer 31

shifting

Question 32

Guides movement of eyes toward objects of attention

Answer 32

superior colliculus

Question 33

Involved in visual processing, orienting and shifting attention, and helps to coordinate signals between cortical regions

Answer 33

pulvinar

Question 34

Condition in which no attention is paid to one side of the body or things presented on that side

Answer 34

hemispatial neglect

Question 35

Hemispatial neglect is most often seen after damage to _________ hemisphere _______ areas.

Answer 35

right, parietal