Unit 4 - Attention Flashcards
When the focus coincides with the sensory orientation
overt attention
When the focus is independent of sensory orientation
Cover attention
Location of covert spatial attention
Attentional spotlight
Two or more streams of sensory information are simultaneously presented and participants are asked to attend to just one
Shadowing experiments
Failure to process non-attended stimuli
Inattentional blindness
A task in which a person is asked to attend to 2+ things at once
Divided attention experiment
Most “multitasking”/divided attention tasks requires quickly switching our _______________ back and forth across focus items.
attentional spotlight
A filter created by the limits of attentional processes that only allow somethings to pass through
Attentional bottleneck
________ models of attention state that unattended information is filtered out immediately during sensory processing
Early selection
_________ models of attention state that unattended information is only filtered at later stages of processing
late-selection
fMRI, EEG, and neurophysiology prove that attention modifies ______________.
sensory processing
Attention directed toward a specific input depending on our goals (endogenous, goal-directed, and top-down)
voluntary
Automated re-orienting of attention to a particular input, out of your control - automatic (exogenous, reflexive, and bottom-up)
Involuntary attention
Used to study spatial attention; demonstrates attention can be directed to a specific location, enhancing the processing of information at that location.
Posner cueing paradigm
Delayed timing in the Posner cuing paradigm can be manipulated to study _________ and __________ attention.
voluntary, involuntary
Involuntary attention can lead to ___________: interference with processing cued location after 200 ms
inhibition of return
__________ or __________ search is easy, automatic and depends on involuntary attention mechanisms
pop-out, feature
__________ search is hard and requires effort - depends on voluntary attention mechanisms
conjunction
measures electrical activity of neurons non-invasively, through electrodes placed on the scalp
Electroencephalography (EEG)
EEG can be used to index cognitive, emotional, and attentional responses to stimuli (_______________)
event related potentials
EEG has ________ temporal resolution but ________ spatial resolution
good, poor
Attention can alter early perceptual _________ components. This is linked with processing in extrastriate visual regions.
ERP
fMRI has _________ spatial resolution but _______ temporal resolution
good, poor
When nerve cells are active they increase consumption of energy which results in increased blood flow. ________ indexes this distribution of blood flow to make inference about the level of activation of neural tissue
fMRI
fMRI studies show that attention increases signals relevant to the ___________ information.
attended
According to fMRI studies, spatial attention increases signals related to _________.
space
Attention to faces increases signals in _______ regions.
face
The _________ attention network contain the intraparietal sulcus and frontal eye field.
dorsal
The ________ attention network contains the temporoparietal junction and ventral frontal cortex
ventral
The dorsal frontoparietal system is the cognitive control of __________ attention
voluntary
The _________ attention network is used for _________ attention.
shifting
Guides movement of eyes toward objects of attention
superior colliculus
Involved in visual processing, orienting and shifting attention, and helps to coordinate signals between cortical regions
pulvinar
Condition in which no attention is paid to one side of the body or things presented on that side
hemispatial neglect
Hemispatial neglect is most often seen after damage to _________ hemisphere _______ areas.
right, parietal
