Unit 3 - Emotion Flashcards
When machine learning was utilized to identify differences in facial expression among rats, neural responses in the ___________ varied according to the different evoked emotions.
insular cortex
complex program of actions triggered by the presence of specific stimuli
emotion
Stimuli to trigger emotion can be either _________ or _________ to the body.
internal, external
perceptions of the emotional action programs
feelings of emotion
What are the three components of the program of actions?
autonomic, behavioral, and hormonal
_________ components of the program of actions facilitate the behaviors and provide quick mobilization of energy for vigorous movement.
autonomic
__________ components of program of actions consist of muscular movements appropriate to the situation.
behavioral
_________ behaviors include facial expressions, posture, and running away.
overt
_________ components of program of actions reinforce the autonomic responses.
hormonal
What two stress hormones are released to trigger emotions?
epinephrine and glucocorticoid
The __________ theory states that conscious feelings of emotion occur when the mind senses the physiological responses associated with fear or some other kind of arousal.
James-Lange
In the James-Lange theory, an emotional stimulus causes ______________, which then leads to __________ emotional feelings.
bodily responses, conscious
Modern version of the James-Lange theory called _________ theories of emotion state that bodily responses to stimuli come first and induce our feelings of emotion.
somatic
The two issues of the James-Lange theory are that the reaction of _____________ responses is not always faster than conscious feelings of emotion, and the same autonomic response is not used for different ___________.
autonomic, emotions
The __________ theory states that conscious feelings of emotion and bodily responses occur simultaneously and independently.
Cannon-Bard
The _________ theory was developed to address shortcomings in the James-Lange theory.
Cannon-Bard
The Cannon-Bard theory purported that bodily responses are a function of __________ structures, while emotional feelings are a function of the __________.
hypothalamic, thalamus
Schachter & Singer developed the _____________ theory of emotion, which states that a combination of cognitive appraisal and perception of biological changes together determine conscious feelings of emotion.
two-factor
The two-factor theory states that our _____________ helps us interpret bodily responses in accordance with our current context.
cognitive awareness
Instructing participants to make a series of facial movements that result in a facial expression for an emotion would demonstrate the __________ theory.
James-Lange
Injecting volunteers with epinephrine to produce bodily response, then subjecting them to different contexts would demonstrate the ___________ theory of emotion.
two-factor
Schachter and Singer found that participants exposed to the playful confederate reported experiencing greater __________, while the participants exposed to the angry confederate reported experienced greater ___________.
happiness, anger
James Papez proposed the ___________, a neural circuitry for emotion.
Papez Circuit
The _________ system was proposed as a later modification of the Papez circuit, adding the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala.
limbic system
Neurons in the amygdala ___________ activity in response to a threatening stimulus.
increase
Damage to the __________ disrupts autonomic responses to threatening stimuli.
central nucleus
stimulation of __________ results in autonomic and behavioral signs of fear.
central nucleus
Patient S.M. had extensive ___________ damage, but an intact hippocampus. When rating emotional content of facial expressions, he could not recognize ________.
amygdala, fear
Rats will make more vocalizations in a secure room but will freeze when scared. This indicates a ________________ vocalization.
context dependent
