Unit 3 - Emotion

Question 1

When machine learning was utilized to identify differences in facial expression among rats, neural responses in the ___________ varied according to the different evoked emotions.

Answer 1

insular cortex

Question 2

complex program of actions triggered by the presence of specific stimuli

Answer 2

emotion

Question 3

Stimuli to trigger emotion can be either _________ or _________ to the body.

Answer 3

internal, external

Question 4

perceptions of the emotional action programs

Answer 4

feelings of emotion

Question 5

What are the three components of the program of actions?

Answer 5

autonomic, behavioral, and hormonal

Question 6

_________ components of the program of actions facilitate the behaviors and provide quick mobilization of energy for vigorous movement.

Answer 6

autonomic

Question 7

__________ components of program of actions consist of muscular movements appropriate to the situation.

Answer 7

behavioral

Question 8

_________ behaviors include facial expressions, posture, and running away.

Answer 8

overt

Question 9

_________ components of program of actions reinforce the autonomic responses.

Answer 9

hormonal

Question 10

What two stress hormones are released to trigger emotions?

Answer 10

epinephrine and glucocorticoid

Question 11

The __________ theory states that conscious feelings of emotion occur when the mind senses the physiological responses associated with fear or some other kind of arousal.

Answer 11

James-Lange

Question 12

In the James-Lange theory, an emotional stimulus causes ______________, which then leads to __________ emotional feelings.

Answer 12

bodily responses, conscious

Question 13

Modern version of the James-Lange theory called _________ theories of emotion state that bodily responses to stimuli come first and induce our feelings of emotion.

Answer 13

somatic

Question 14

The two issues of the James-Lange theory are that the reaction of _____________ responses is not always faster than conscious feelings of emotion, and the same autonomic response is not used for different ___________.

Answer 14

autonomic, emotions

Question 15

The __________ theory states that conscious feelings of emotion and bodily responses occur simultaneously and independently.

Answer 15

Cannon-Bard

Question 16

The _________ theory was developed to address shortcomings in the James-Lange theory.

Answer 16

Cannon-Bard

Question 17

The Cannon-Bard theory purported that bodily responses are a function of __________ structures, while emotional feelings are a function of the __________.

Answer 17

hypothalamic, thalamus

Question 18

Schachter & Singer developed the _____________ theory of emotion, which states that a combination of cognitive appraisal and perception of biological changes together determine conscious feelings of emotion.

Answer 18

two-factor

Question 19

The two-factor theory states that our _____________ helps us interpret bodily responses in accordance with our current context.

Answer 19

cognitive awareness

Question 20

Instructing participants to make a series of facial movements that result in a facial expression for an emotion would demonstrate the __________ theory.

Answer 20

James-Lange

Question 21

Injecting volunteers with epinephrine to produce bodily response, then subjecting them to different contexts would demonstrate the ___________ theory of emotion.

Answer 21

two-factor

Question 22

Schachter and Singer found that participants exposed to the playful confederate reported experiencing greater __________, while the participants exposed to the angry confederate reported experienced greater ___________.

Answer 22

happiness, anger

Question 23

James Papez proposed the ___________, a neural circuitry for emotion.

Answer 23

Papez Circuit

Question 24

The _________ system was proposed as a later modification of the Papez circuit, adding the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex and amygdala.

Answer 24

limbic system

Question 25

Neurons in the amygdala ___________ activity in response to a threatening stimulus.

Answer 25

increase

Question 26

Damage to the __________ disrupts autonomic responses to threatening stimuli.

Answer 26

central nucleus

Question 27

stimulation of __________ results in autonomic and behavioral signs of fear.

Answer 27

central nucleus

Question 28

Patient S.M. had extensive ___________ damage, but an intact hippocampus. When rating emotional content of facial expressions, he could not recognize ________.

Answer 28

amygdala, fear

Question 29

Rats will make more vocalizations in a secure room but will freeze when scared. This indicates a ________________ vocalization.

Answer 29

context dependent