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Pharmacology > Unit 4- Immunostimulants > Flashcards

Unit 4- Immunostimulants Flashcards

1
Q

Primary Lymphoid Tissues

A

Bone marrow and thymus

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2
Q

Secondary Lymphoid Tissues

A

Spleen and lymph nodes

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3
Q

Adaptive Immune System

A

Specific, cell mediated by T lymphocytes, humoral response by B lymphocytes

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4
Q

Helper T Cell Receptors

A

CD4 binds MHC II

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5
Q

Cytotoxic T Cell Receptors

A

CD8 binds MHC I

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6
Q

TH1 Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines

A

IL-2, IFN-y, TNF-a

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7
Q

TH2 Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines

A

IL-4, 5, 10, and 13

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8
Q

Endogenous Immunostimulants

A

Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor, interferons, and interleukins

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9
Q

Exogenous Immunostimulants

A

Bacterial, viral, plant, or helminthic derivatives

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10
Q

G-CSF

A

Induces bone marrow to produce neutrophils

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11
Q

G-CSF Uses

A

Canine ehrlichiosis, FeLV, FIV, chemotherapy induced lymphoma, bone marrow neoplasia, bone marrow aplasia, immune mediated neutropenia in dogs

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12
Q

Interferons

A

Produced by infected host cells, activate other cells

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13
Q

IFN-a

A

Produced by WBC in virus and cancer

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14
Q

IFN-B

A

Produced by fibroblasts in MS

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15
Q

IFN-y

A

Produced by lymphocytes in chronic disease

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16
Q

rHulFN-a

A

Recombinant human interferon, not for long term use, enhances antiviral activity

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17
Q

rFelFN-w

A

Recombinant feline interferon, enhances antiviral activity

18
Q

Recombinant Interferon Uses

A

FeLV, FIV, FIP, herpesvirus and feline calcivirus

19
Q

IL-2

A

Recombinant human interleukin, enhances antitumor immune response in canine neoplasia

20
Q

IL-2 Adverse Effects

A

Vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, antibodies formed to human recombinant proteins that lower efficacy

21
Q

Proprionibacterium acnes Bacterin

A

Non specific immunostimulant, stimulates NK activity and activates macrophages to release pro-inflammatory cytokines up regulating T-lymphocyte function

22
Q

P. acnes Bacterin Uses

A

Adjunct treatment for canine Staph pyoderma, feline rhinotracheitis, FeLV, and respiratory tract infection in equine

23
Q

P. acnes Adverse Effects

A

Fever, lethargy, vomiting

24
Q

Staphylococcus aureus Bacterins

A

lysate and toxoid, activates phagocytic cells and stimulates T-lymphocytes

25
Q

Staphage lysate Uses

A

Adjunct therapy for dogs with recurrent superficial pyoderma and Staph sensitivity

26
Q

Staphoid ABR Uses

A

Toxoid, prevents Staph mastitis in cattle

27
Q

Staph Bacterin Adverse Effects

A

Fever, injection site reaction, lethargy, weakness

28
Q

Mycobacterium Cell Wall Extracts

A

Equimune, Muramyl tripeptide, and Regressin-V, stimulate IL-1 release from macrophage, TLR effects on macrophage and dendritic cells, and activates NK cells

29
Q

Equimune Uses

A

Equine respiratory infections

30
Q

Muramyl Tripeptide Uses

A

Adjunct treatment for canine osteosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, and malignant melanoma

31
Q

Regressin Uses

A

Mammary adenocarcinoma in dog

32
Q

Mycobacterial Extract Adverse Effects

A

Fever, lethargy, injection site reaction

33
Q

Acemannan

A

Extracted from aloe vera, stimulates macrophages to produce ILs, TNFa, and NO, enhances NK cell and T lymphocyte activity, antiviral, and antineoplastic

34
Q

Acemannan Uses

A

Treat fibrosarcoma in cat and dog, boost immune in FeLV and FIV

35
Q

Acemannan Adverse Effects

A

Anorexia, diarrhea, depression, tachycardia, collapse, injection site pain

36
Q

Levamisole

A

Antinematodal, enhances monocyte phagocytosis and cell-mediated immunity

37
Q

Levamisole Uses

A

Vaccine adjuvant, canine microbial, fungal, and neoplasia, canine chronic pyoderma, feline plasma cell gingivitis, IgG production in pregnant mare

38
Q

Levamisole Adverse Effects

A

Low margin of safety, neurotoxicity, GI disturbance, pulmonary edema, mydriasis and hypersalivation in cats

39
Q

Zylexis

A

Parapoxvirus ovis (innactivated Orf), stimulates NK, phagocytosis, IL, IFN, TNFa, and G-CSF release, regulates TH-1 and TH-2

40
Q

Zylexis Uses

A

Prevent stress infection in horse, EHV-1 and EHV-4

Pharmacology (32 decks)

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