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Pharmacology > Unit 3- Ophthalmic > Flashcards

Unit 3- Ophthalmic Flashcards

1
Q

Blood-Ocular Barriers

A

Blood-aqueous and blood-retinal, inflammation decreases effectiveness and lets drugs in

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2
Q

α1

A

Pupil dilation, increased lacrimal secretion

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3
Q

β2

A

Ciliary relaxation

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4
Q

M Receptors

A

Pupil constriction, ciliary contraction, increased lacrimal secretion

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5
Q

Parasympathetic Innervation

A

Lacrimal glands, iris sphincter, extraocular muscles

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6
Q

Sympathetic Innervation

A

Adnexa, iris dilator, ciliary body, iridocorneal angle

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7
Q

Hyaloideocapsular Ligament

A

Junction of lens and anterior vitreous, barrier of movement anteriorly or posteriorly

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8
Q

Intracameral Injection

A

Injection into anterior chamber

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9
Q

Intravitreal Injection

A

Injection into vitreous

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10
Q

Peribulbar Injection

A

Injection behind the globe

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11
Q

Subconjunctival Injection

A

Injection between conjunctiva and sclera

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12
Q

Systemic Treatment

A

Must be lipophilic, indicated for eyelid or orbital disease, or posterior segment disease

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13
Q

Glaucoma

A

Increased IOP due to decreased aqueous humor drainage

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14
Q

Primary Glaucoma

A

Abnormality of drainage angle

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15
Q

Secondary Glaucoma

A

Obstruction of drainage

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16
Q

β Blockers

A

Timolol and betaxolol, decreased humor production

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17
Q

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

A

Dorzolamide, brinzolamide, methozolamine, acetozolamide, decrease humor production

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18
Q

Prostaglandin Analogues

A

Latanoprost, bimaprost, travoprost, increase nonconventional drainage through FP receptors, prodrugs

19
Q

Prostaglandin Analogue Side Effects

A

Ineffective in cats, inflammation in horses, miosis

20
Q

Hyperosmotic Agents

A

Mannitol and glycerol, serum becomes hyperosmotic to intraocular fluids

21
Q

Hyperosmotic Agent Side Effects

A

Cardiovascular disease, renal disease, DM, may induce vomiting

22
Q

Parasympathomimetics

A

Pilocarpine, demecarium bromide, induce miosis and widen the iridocorneal angle to increase drainage

23
Q

Parasympathomimetic Side Effects

A

Irritation, contraindicated with uveitis

24
Q

Topical Antiinflammatories

A

Treat ocular surface and anterior inflammation

25
Q

Systemic Antiinflammatories

A

Treat posterior uveitis

26
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Inhibit arachidonic acid cascade

27
Q

Corticosteroid Side Effects

A

Long term causes corneal deposits, systemic absorption causes endocrine imbalance, inhibit reepithelialization of ulcer

28
Q

NSAIDs

A

Inhibit prostaglandin production, less effective than steroids

29
Q

NSAID Side Effects

A

Can inhibit reepithelialization

30
Q

Normal Ocular Bacteria

A

Gram positive

31
Q

Psuedomonas aeruginosa

A

Gram negative ocular pathogens

32
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Topical, treat gram neg and Staph aureus

33
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Topical, wide spectrum, increase wound healing

34
Q

Floroquinolones

A

Topical, gram neg and positive, retinal degeneration in cats

35
Q

Lincosamide and macrolides

A

Gram positive

36
Q

Polyenes

A

Broad spectrum antifungals, poor penetration

37
Q

Azoles

A

Filamentous antifungals, monitor liver enzymes

38
Q

Viral Infection

A

Feline herpesvirus, pyrimidine and purine analogs

39
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Increase tear production, parasympathomimetic

40
Q

Mydriatics

A

Dilate pupil for diagnostic examination

41
Q

Cycloplegics

A

Paralyze ciliary body, treat anterior uveitis

42
Q

Sympathomimetics

A

Used prior to surgery and to diagnose Horner’s

43
Q

Parasympatholytics

A

Anticholinergics, mydriatic and paralytic, affected by pigment

Pharmacology (32 decks)

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