Unit 3- Ophthalmic

Question 1

Blood-Ocular Barriers

Answer 1

Blood-aqueous and blood-retinal, inflammation decreases effectiveness and lets drugs in

Question 2

α1

Answer 2

Pupil dilation, increased lacrimal secretion

Question 3

β2

Answer 3

Ciliary relaxation

Question 4

M Receptors

Answer 4

Pupil constriction, ciliary contraction, increased lacrimal secretion

Question 5

Parasympathetic Innervation

Answer 5

Lacrimal glands, iris sphincter, extraocular muscles

Question 6

Sympathetic Innervation

Answer 6

Adnexa, iris dilator, ciliary body, iridocorneal angle

Question 7

Hyaloideocapsular Ligament

Answer 7

Junction of lens and anterior vitreous, barrier of movement anteriorly or posteriorly

Question 8

Intracameral Injection

Answer 8

Injection into anterior chamber

Question 9

Intravitreal Injection

Answer 9

Injection into vitreous

Question 10

Peribulbar Injection

Answer 10

Injection behind the globe

Question 11

Subconjunctival Injection

Answer 11

Injection between conjunctiva and sclera

Question 12

Systemic Treatment

Answer 12

Must be lipophilic, indicated for eyelid or orbital disease, or posterior segment disease

Question 13

Glaucoma

Answer 13

Increased IOP due to decreased aqueous humor drainage

Question 14

Primary Glaucoma

Answer 14

Abnormality of drainage angle

Question 15

Secondary Glaucoma

Answer 15

Obstruction of drainage

Question 16

β Blockers

Answer 16

Timolol and betaxolol, decreased humor production

Question 17

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

Answer 17

Dorzolamide, brinzolamide, methozolamine, acetozolamide, decrease humor production

Question 18

Prostaglandin Analogues

Answer 18

Latanoprost, bimaprost, travoprost, increase nonconventional drainage through FP receptors, prodrugs

Question 19

Prostaglandin Analogue Side Effects

Answer 19

Ineffective in cats, inflammation in horses, miosis

Question 20

Hyperosmotic Agents

Answer 20

Mannitol and glycerol, serum becomes hyperosmotic to intraocular fluids

Question 21

Hyperosmotic Agent Side Effects

Answer 21

Cardiovascular disease, renal disease, DM, may induce vomiting

Question 22

Parasympathomimetics

Answer 22

Pilocarpine, demecarium bromide, induce miosis and widen the iridocorneal angle to increase drainage

Question 23

Parasympathomimetic Side Effects

Answer 23

Irritation, contraindicated with uveitis

Question 24

Topical Antiinflammatories

Answer 24

Treat ocular surface and anterior inflammation

Question 25

Systemic Antiinflammatories

Answer 25

Treat posterior uveitis

Question 26

Corticosteroids

Answer 26

Inhibit arachidonic acid cascade

Question 27

Corticosteroid Side Effects

Answer 27

Long term causes corneal deposits, systemic absorption causes endocrine imbalance, inhibit reepithelialization of ulcer

Question 28

NSAIDs

Answer 28

Inhibit prostaglandin production, less effective than steroids

Question 29

NSAID Side Effects

Answer 29

Can inhibit reepithelialization

Question 30

Normal Ocular Bacteria

Answer 30

Gram positive

Question 31

Psuedomonas aeruginosa

Answer 31

Gram negative ocular pathogens

Question 32

Aminoglycosides

Answer 32

Topical, treat gram neg and Staph aureus

Question 33

Tetracyclines

Answer 33

Topical, wide spectrum, increase wound healing

Question 34

Floroquinolones

Answer 34

Topical, gram neg and positive, retinal degeneration in cats

Question 35

Lincosamide and macrolides

Answer 35

Gram positive

Question 36

Polyenes

Answer 36

Broad spectrum antifungals, poor penetration

Question 37

Azoles

Answer 37

Filamentous antifungals, monitor liver enzymes

Question 38

Viral Infection

Answer 38

Feline herpesvirus, pyrimidine and purine analogs

Question 39

Pilocarpine

Answer 39

Increase tear production, parasympathomimetic

Question 40

Mydriatics

Answer 40

Dilate pupil for diagnostic examination

Question 41

Cycloplegics

Answer 41

Paralyze ciliary body, treat anterior uveitis

Question 42

Sympathomimetics

Answer 42

Used prior to surgery and to diagnose Horner's

Question 43

Parasympatholytics

Answer 43

Anticholinergics, mydriatic and paralytic, affected by pigment