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Pharmacology > Unit 3- GI > Flashcards

Unit 3- GI Flashcards

1
Q

Reflex Emetics

A

Distension can induce emesis, water can dilute poison, salt in pharynx or solution, hydrogen peroxide

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2
Q

Prokinetic Drugs

A

Increase GI motility

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3
Q

Metoclopramide

A

Central and peripheral emetic, dopaminergic, serotonin antagonist and agonist, increases Ach release in GI

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4
Q

Metoclopramide Effects

A

Increase gastric emptying, increase esophageal sphincter tone, stimulates duodenum motility, increase prolactin and aldosterone

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5
Q

Metoclopramide Small Animal Use

A

Stimulate motility after surgery, volvulus, postop ileus, gastric ulceration, gastroparesis, not for obstruction or perforation

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6
Q

Metoclopramide Horse Use

A

Reduce postop ileus, stimulates small intestine, causes behavior changes and abdominal pain

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7
Q

Metoclopramide Ruminant Use

A

May increase rumen motility, treat pyloric stenosis

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8
Q

Cisapride

A

Enhance Ach release at myenteric plexus, increased GI activity at all sites

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9
Q

Cisapride Use

A

Reflux, delayed emptying, small bowel motility disorders, increases lower esophageal sphincter tone, chronic constipation in cat

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10
Q

Domperidone

A

Dopamine antagonist, does not cross BBB, accelerate small intestine transit

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11
Q

Domperidone Use

A

Fescue toxicity in horses, increase laminal blood flow to treat vasculitis

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12
Q

Erythromycin

A

Stimulates GI motility at lower doses than antibacterial, activates motilin receptors in stomach and proximal intestine

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13
Q

Lidocaine

A

IV in horses improves intestinal motility, may prevent inflammation

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14
Q

Peripheral Opiate Antagonists

A

Promotes motility and treats opioid-induced constipation

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15
Q

Treatment of GI Ulcers

A

Histamine antagonists, sulfacrate, omeprazole, antacids

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16
Q

Antacids

A

Neutralize stomach acids, Magnesium Hydroxide, Aluminum hydroxide, Calcium carbonate, Sodium bicarbonate, interfere with absorption of other drugs

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17
Q

Histamine Antagonists

A

Competitive Inhibitors reducing acid secretion and pepsin, cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine, nizatidine

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18
Q

Gastric Acid Secretion

A

CCK at gastrin receptors, paracrine at histamine receptors, Ach at muscarinic receptors

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19
Q

Histamine Antagonist Activity

A

Ranitidine and nizatidine prokinetic, cimetidine and ranitidine used in calf, ranitidine used in horse

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20
Q

Histamine Antagonist Adverse Effects

A

Minor, cimetidine inhibits clearance of other drugs

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21
Q

Sucralfate

A

Dissociates and polymerizes into sticky substance that binds ulcerated mucosa, increases prostaglandins, inactivates pepsin

22
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors

A

Decrease acid secretion, potent and irreversible, prodrug in blood, omeprazole

23
Q

PPI Use

A

Support ulcer healing, prevent reflux, administer prior to meal, caution with liver metabolizable drugs

24
Q

PPI Adverse Effects

A

Elevated gastrin levels, small intestine bacterial overgrowth, diarrhea in dogs

25
Q

Synthetic Prostaglandins

A

Block EP3 receptors on parietal cells to decrease acid secretion, reduces risk of ulcer and hemorrhage from NSAID, misoprostol

26
Q

Misoprostol

A

Prevents ulcer, reduces acid secretion, contraindicated in pregnancy

27
Q

Helicobacter Gastritis Treatment

A

Antibiotics and PPI

28
Q

Mucosal Protectants

A

Produce coating of epithelium that prevents irritation

29
Q

Mucosal Adsorbents

A

Prevent absorption of chemical compounds to eliminate them in feces

30
Q

Kaolin-Pectin

A

Binds bacterial toxins, changes stool consistency

31
Q

Pectin

A

May adsorb other drugs

32
Q

Mismuth Subsalicylate

A

Adsorbs bacterial toxins and produces protection, salicylate is absorbed, anti-Helicobacter

33
Q

Anticholinergic Drugs

A

Modify motility for the treatment of diarrhea

34
Q

Stovepipe Effect

A

Anticholinergics may worsen some types of diarrhea, avoid if diarrhea is infectious

35
Q

Anticholinergic Adverse Effects

A

Ileus, dry mouth, urine retention, pupil paralysis, tachycardia, CNS excitement, contraindicated in gastritis and vomiting

36
Q

N-butylscopolammonium Bromide

A

Antispasmodic for colic, relax rectum and colon, short duration

37
Q

N-butylscopolammonium Bromide Adverse Effects

A

Increase in HR

38
Q

Opioids

A

Antisecretory and antimotile, contraindicated in infectious diarrhea

39
Q

Diphenyloxylate hydrochloride

A

Administered with atropine, systemic opiate effects can occur

40
Q

Loperamide hydorchloride

A

Does not have systemic opiate effects, increases intestinal transit time

41
Q

Antimicrobials

A

Should be based on bacterial etiology

42
Q

Indication of Antibacterial Therapy

A

Hemorrhagic diarrhea, fever, abnormal WBC count

43
Q

Tylosin Responsive Diarrhea

A

Chronic diarrhea in dogs

44
Q

Sulfasalazine

A

Treatment of colitis, inhibits prostaglandins to decrease intestinal free radicals

45
Q

Prednisolone

A

Suppress autoimmune activity to prevent IBD

46
Q

Azathioprine

A

Inhibits activated lymphocytes in severe IBD

47
Q

Eicosapentanoic Acid

A

Treats colitis

48
Q

Anthraquinone

A

Irritant laxative, inhibits Na/K ATPase, can cause damage to enterocytes

49
Q

Saline Cathartics

A

Electrolytes that draw fluid into the bowel, increase peristalsis

50
Q

Carboxymethylcellulose

A

Bluk forming, nonabsorbed polysaccharide, attracts water into intestine

51
Q

Lubricants

A

Coat stool, increase water content, pass hair balls

52
Q

Surfactants

A

Stool Softeners

Pharmacology (32 decks)

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