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Pharmacology > Unit 2- Analgesics > Flashcards

Unit 2- Analgesics Flashcards

1
Q

CNS Pharmacology

A

How drugs alter brain activity and offset pathology

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2
Q

Neuro Pharmacology

A

How drugs act on neurons at cellular/molecular level

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3
Q

Psycho Pharmacology

A

How drugs modify behavior, perception, and affect thoughts

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4
Q

Drugs Passing BBB

A

Small, lipid soluble, poorly protein bound, non ionized at CSF pH, diffusion or carrier transport

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5
Q

Analgesic Therapy

A

Reduce transduction, transmission, modulation, and perception of pain

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6
Q

Visceral Pain

A

In the abdominal or thoracic cavity

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7
Q

Somatic Pain

A

Musculoskeletal damage

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8
Q

Neuropathic Pain

A

Damage affecting somatosensory nervous system

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9
Q

Pain Processing Steps

A

Transduction into electrical signal, transmission to spinal cord, modulation in spinal cord, processing and perception in the brain

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10
Q

Opioids

A

Fully synthetic derivatives of opium, actives are Morphine and Codeine

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11
Q

Opiates

A

Narcotics derived from opium poppy

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12
Q

Opioid Analgesic Use

A

Prevent and treat post-op pain, produce neuroleptanalgesia with tranquilizers

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13
Q

Dog Opioid Pharmacologic Effects

A

sedation and narcosis

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14
Q

Cat, Horse, Ruminant Opioid Pharmacologic Effects

A

Bizarre behavior, CNS stimulation, dysphoria

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15
Q

Opioid MOA

A

Bind to receptors and inhibit neurotransmission and endocrine secretion, stimulate opioid receptors

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16
Q

Agonist Opioids

A

Morphine, hydromorphone, oxymorphone, fentanyl, tramadol

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17
Q

Partial Agonist Opioids

A

Buprenorphine, Butorphanol

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18
Q

Agonist-Antagonist Opioids

A

Butorphanol, Nalbuphine, Buprenorphine

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19
Q

Antagonist Opioids

A

Naloxone, Naltrexone

20
Q

Opioid Receptors

A

GPCRs that mediate inhibition of neurotransmission and endocrine secretion, present in many tissues

21
Q

μ-Receptors

A

Brain and spinal cord receptors that cause respiratory depression, alagesia, euphoria, mild sedation, inhibition of Ach and dopamine release, and GI decrease

22
Q

κ-Receptors

A

Cerebral cortex, brain, and spinal cord receptors that cause analgesia, sedation, dysphoria, and diuresis

23
Q

∆-Receptors

A

Cerebral cortex and spinal cord receptors that cause analgesia and cardiovascular depression and inhibit dopamine release

24
Q

CNS Opioid Adverse Effects

A

Anxiety, disorientation, excitement, dysphoria

25
Q

Cardiovascular Opioid Adverse Effects

A

Bradycardia

26
Q

Respiratory Opioid Adverse Effects

A

Decreased respiration and tidal volume by μ receptors, decreased O2 and CO2 partial pressure, and ceiling effect

27
Q

Ceiling Effect

A

The dose at which there will be no more additional analgesia but adverse effects continue

28
Q

GI Opioid Adverse Effects

A

Salivation, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, colic

29
Q

Other Opioid Adverse Effects

A

miosis in dogs, mydriasis in cats, horses, and ruminants, hypothermia in dogs, malignant hyperthermia in cats, noise sensitivity, sweating in horses, urine retension

30
Q

Naloxone Hydrochloride

A

Opioid antagonist given IM or IV in dogs, horses, cats, and exotic mammals

31
Q

Naltrexone

A

Opioid antagonist given IV or IM in wild animals or orally in dogs for behavior

32
Q

Morphine Receptors

A

μ and κ agonist

33
Q

Methadone Receptors

A

μ agonist

34
Q

Tramadol Receptors

A

μ agonist

35
Q

Fentanyl Receptors

A

μ agonist

36
Q

Carfentanil Receptors

A

μ agonist

37
Q

Butorphanol Receptors

A

Partial μ and full κ agonist

38
Q

Buprenorphine Receptors

A

Partial μ agonist

39
Q

Nalbuphine Receptors

A

κ agonist, μ antagonist

40
Q

Naloxone Receptors

A

Antagonist to all

41
Q

Naltrexone

A

Antagonist to all

42
Q

NMDA

A

Glutamate receptor and Ca++ ion channel mediating learning and memory

43
Q

NMDAR Antagonists

A

Amantadine, Ketamine, Gabapentin, Amitriptyline, and Lidocaine

44
Q

NSAIDs

A

Inhibit pro-inflammatory enzyme COX to reduce swelling, stiffness, and joint pain caused by inflammation

45
Q

Dog Safe NSAIDs

A

Carprofen, Deracoxib, Firocoxib, Meloxicam

46
Q

Unsafe NSAIDs

A

Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen, Aspirin

Pharmacology (32 decks)

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