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Pharmacology > Unit 2- Behavior Modifiers > Flashcards

Unit 2- Behavior Modifiers Flashcards

1
Q

FDA Approved drugs in dogs

A

reconcile and clomicalm for separation anxiety, anipryl for canine cognitive dysfunction, sileo for noise aversion

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2
Q

Use of Psychotropics

A

Reduce underlying emotional arousal, adjunct to behavior modification, lead to better learning

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3
Q

Serotonin

A

5-HT, regulates mood, appetite, sleep, and cognitive function, action ends due to reuptake into presynaptic terminal by serotonin transporter proteins

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4
Q

Indications for long term meds

A

Generalized anxiety, fear aggression, inter-pet conflict, separation anxiety, cognitive dysfunction syndrome, urine marking, compulsions

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5
Q

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

A

Fluoxetine (reconcile), paroxetine, sertraline

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6
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants

A

Clomipramine (clomicalm), amitryptiline

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7
Q

Azapirones

A

Seritonergic; buspirone

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8
Q

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

A

Selegiline (anipryl)

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9
Q

SSRI MOA

A

Blocks serotonin reuptake transporter, increasing seritonergic neurotransmission

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10
Q

SSRI Initial Actions

A

Serotonin floods all receptors, different subtype receptors are saturated leading to side effects

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11
Q

SSRI Long Term Action

A

Receptors downregulate, post synaptic autoreceptor becomes more active leading to therapeutic effect, takes weeks for presynaptic autoreceptor to desensitize

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12
Q

SSRI Indications

A

Generalized anxiety, OCD, urine marking, aggression, in conjunction with behavioral modification and acute drugs

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13
Q

SSRI Metabolism

A

Metabolized in liver, plasma levels not related to response level

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14
Q

SSRI Contraindications

A

Meds using cytochrome P450 enzyme, diabetes, epilepsy, hepatic impairment

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15
Q

SSRI Adverse Effects

A

Transient GI upset, sedation and lethargy, anxiety, decreased sexual motivation, rare urine retention, seizures, and aggression

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16
Q

Serotonin Syndrome

A

Excessive seritonergic drugs, tachycardia, muscle tremor, restlessness, agitation, disoreintation, seizures, death

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17
Q

Meds not to combine

A

SSRIs with TCA, MAOIs, tryptophan, or St. John’s Wort

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18
Q

Fluoxetine Use

A

Canine separation anxiety FDA approved, compulsions, generalized anxiety, urine marking

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19
Q

Fluoxetine Pharmacology

A

Highly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, not for transdermal use

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20
Q

Paroxetine

A

Appetite enhancing, anticholinergic effects lead to constipation, shorter half life

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21
Q

Sertraline

A

Fecal excretion, safer for CKD and hepatic disease, safer for epilepsy

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22
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants

A

Inhibits serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake, generalized antihistaminic and anticholinergi

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23
Q

TCA Chronic Use

A

Significant behavior changes due to decreased number and altered function of serotonin receptors in forebrain

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24
Q

TCA Uses

A

Generalized anxiety, urine marking, aggression, higher side effects due to less selectivity

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25
Q

Clomipramine

A

FDA approved, most serotonin specific

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26
Q

Clomipramine Side Effects

A

Sedation, anticholinergic, arrhythmia, lower seizure threshold, urine retention, testicular hypoplasia

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27
Q

Clompramine Contraindications

A

Constipation, dry eye, glaucoma, cardiovascular compromise, seizures, breeding males, taper to stop

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28
Q

Amitryptiline

A

May cause neuropathic pain and acral lick in dogs, can be used in cats with interstitial cystitis and house soiling

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29
Q

Amitryptiline Adverse Effects

A

Cat zombies, arrhythmia

30
Q

Buspirone MOA

A

Serotonin 1A partial agonist, binds presynaptic autoreceptor to increase serotonin production, postsynaptic autoreceptor agonist

31
Q

Buspirone

A

Bravery drug, increases boldness, only in non aggressive pets, cats being bullied, anxiety

32
Q

Buspirone Adverse Effects

A

Increased friendliness in cats, assertive social interactions, exacerbation of aggression, rare sedation, agitation, bradycardia, GI, and stereotypies

33
Q

Buspirone Contraindications

A

Liver and kidney disease, serotonin syndrome, aggressive animals

34
Q

MAOI MOA

A

Blocks MAO enzymes that break down neurotransmitters, also enhances catecholamine effects

35
Q

Selegiline

A

MAO-B inhibitor, increase dopamine, amphetamine and methamphetamine metabolites stimulate CNS, reduces oxidative stress from dopamine degradation, increases SOD

36
Q

Selegiline Uses

A

FDA approved for canine cognitive dysfunction, chronic anxiety, noise aversion

37
Q

Selegiline Adverse Effects

A

GI upset, lethargy, restlessness, irritability

38
Q

Selegiline Cautions

A

Serotonin syndrome, drug interaction

39
Q

Short Term Med Indications

A

Vet visits, car travel, separation anxiety, visitors, noise aversion, new baby, adjunct or bridge medication

40
Q

Short Term Psychoactive Classes

A

Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors, α2 agonists, GABA analogues, benzodiazepines, phenothiazine neuroleptics

41
Q

SARI

A

Trazodone, blocks serotonin 2A and 2C receptors for reuptake, also blocks histamine H1 and α1 receptors, partial agonist at 5-HT1A receptor

42
Q

Trazodone Use

A

Situation fear, event stress, post op confinement, shelter stress, noise aversion, bridge medication, adjunct with SSRIs and TCAs

43
Q

Noise Aversion Treatment

A

Psychopharmaceuticals allow desensitization and maladaptive behavior responses to decrease

44
Q

Trazodone

A

Atypical antidepressant, sedative, not first choice for cats, quick onset of action, well tolerated, high margin of safety, less side effects

45
Q

Trazodone Adverse Effects

A

GI, tachycardia, increased anxiety, behavior disinhibition, aggression

46
Q

Trazodone Contraindications

A

Cardiac disease, hepatic or renal impairment, glaucoma, MAOIs, caution serotonin syndrom

47
Q

Dexmedetomidine Transmucosal

A

Sileo FDA approved for noise aversion, reduces fear in vet visits, applied to gums

48
Q

Sileo Side Effects

A

Sedation, emesis, CNS depression

49
Q

Dexmedetomidine Reversal

A

Atipamezole

50
Q

Clonidine

A

α2A and imidazoline receptor agonist, slows norepinephrine release in reticular activating system, sedative

51
Q

Clonidine Use

A

Fear behavior problems, anxiety, calming in hyperkinetic dogs

52
Q

Clonidine Adverse Effects

A

Sedation, transient hyperglycemia, dry mouth, constipation, aggression, hypotension, collapse, bradycardia, withdrawal

53
Q

Gabapentin

A

GABA analogue, anticonvulsant, chronic and neuropathic pain treatment

54
Q

Gabapentin Uses

A

Sedative, anxiolytic, reduces fear response in cats, storm phobia in dogs, chronic pain

55
Q

Gabapentin Adverse Effects

A

Sedation, ataxia, low side effect profile, hypersalivation in cats

56
Q

Gabapentin Contraindications

A

Kidney disease, eliminated by kidney

57
Q

Imepitoin

A

Pexion FDA approved for noise aversion but not available in US, reduce fear and anxiety

58
Q

Imepitoin Drawbacks

A

Must start 2 days before noise event, must be given BID, caution with hepatic, renal, and cardiovascular disease, side effects

59
Q

Benzodiazepine Reversal

A

Flumazenil

60
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Chose based on duration of action, profound panic and fear, sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant, appetite stimulant, anticonvulsant

61
Q

Benzodiazepine Adverse

A

Paradoxical excitation, disinhibition of aggression, ataxia, dependence, withdrawal

62
Q

Alprazolam

A

Shortest acting benzo, brief duration events

63
Q

Diazepam

A

More sedating than alprazolam, do not use in cats, lasts longer for delayed storms in storm phobia

64
Q

Lorazepam

A

Best choice for cats, no active liver metabolites, less sedating than other benzos, increases appetite

65
Q

Clonazepam

A

Longest acting benzo, best treatment for global fear and daily panicking dog

66
Q

Acepromazine

A

Not an anxiolytic, sedative, FDA approved for dogs, cats, and horses for controlling animals, add to anxiolytic meds

67
Q

Acepromazine Caution

A

Startle response and worsening of aggression in aggressive dogs, MDR1 sensitivity

68
Q

Separation Anxiety Meds

A

Fluoxetine or clomipramine

69
Q

Obsessive Behavior Med

A

Fluoxetine

70
Q

Aggression Med

A

Fluoxetine with behavior modification

71
Q

Inter-Cat Conflict Med

A

Fluoxetine

72
Q

Noise Aversion Med

A

Sileo transmucosal or trazodone

Pharmacology (32 decks)

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