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Pharmacology > Unit 2- Behavior Modifiers > Flashcards

Unit 2- Behavior Modifiers Flashcards

1
Q

FDA Approved drugs in dogs

A

reconcile and clomicalm for separation anxiety, anipryl for canine cognitive dysfunction, sileo for noise aversion

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2
Q

Use of Psychotropics

A

Reduce underlying emotional arousal, adjunct to behavior modification, lead to better learning

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3
Q

Serotonin

A

5-HT, regulates mood, appetite, sleep, and cognitive function, action ends due to reuptake into presynaptic terminal by serotonin transporter proteins

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4
Q

Indications for long term meds

A

Generalized anxiety, fear aggression, inter-pet conflict, separation anxiety, cognitive dysfunction syndrome, urine marking, compulsions

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5
Q

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

A

Fluoxetine (reconcile), paroxetine, sertraline

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6
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants

A

Clomipramine (clomicalm), amitryptiline

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7
Q

Azapirones

A

Seritonergic; buspirone

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8
Q

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

A

Selegiline (anipryl)

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9
Q

SSRI MOA

A

Blocks serotonin reuptake transporter, increasing seritonergic neurotransmission

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10
Q

SSRI Initial Actions

A

Serotonin floods all receptors, different subtype receptors are saturated leading to side effects

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11
Q

SSRI Long Term Action

A

Receptors downregulate, post synaptic autoreceptor becomes more active leading to therapeutic effect, takes weeks for presynaptic autoreceptor to desensitize

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12
Q

SSRI Indications

A

Generalized anxiety, OCD, urine marking, aggression, in conjunction with behavioral modification and acute drugs

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13
Q

SSRI Metabolism

A

Metabolized in liver, plasma levels not related to response level

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14
Q

SSRI Contraindications

A

Meds using cytochrome P450 enzyme, diabetes, epilepsy, hepatic impairment

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15
Q

SSRI Adverse Effects

A

Transient GI upset, sedation and lethargy, anxiety, decreased sexual motivation, rare urine retention, seizures, and aggression

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16
Q

Serotonin Syndrome

A

Excessive seritonergic drugs, tachycardia, muscle tremor, restlessness, agitation, disoreintation, seizures, death

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17
Q

Meds not to combine

A

SSRIs with TCA, MAOIs, tryptophan, or St. John’s Wort

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18
Q

Fluoxetine Use

A

Canine separation anxiety FDA approved, compulsions, generalized anxiety, urine marking

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19
Q

Fluoxetine Pharmacology

A

Highly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, not for transdermal use

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20
Q

Paroxetine

A

Appetite enhancing, anticholinergic effects lead to constipation, shorter half life

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21
Q

Sertraline

A

Fecal excretion, safer for CKD and hepatic disease, safer for epilepsy

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22
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants

A

Inhibits serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake, generalized antihistaminic and anticholinergi

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23
Q

TCA Chronic Use

A

Significant behavior changes due to decreased number and altered function of serotonin receptors in forebrain

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24
Q

TCA Uses

A

Generalized anxiety, urine marking, aggression, higher side effects due to less selectivity

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25
Clomipramine
FDA approved, most serotonin specific
26
Clomipramine Side Effects
Sedation, anticholinergic, arrhythmia, lower seizure threshold, urine retention, testicular hypoplasia
27
Clompramine Contraindications
Constipation, dry eye, glaucoma, cardiovascular compromise, seizures, breeding males, taper to stop
28
Amitryptiline
May cause neuropathic pain and acral lick in dogs, can be used in cats with interstitial cystitis and house soiling
29
Amitryptiline Adverse Effects
Cat zombies, arrhythmia
30
Buspirone MOA
Serotonin 1A partial agonist, binds presynaptic autoreceptor to increase serotonin production, postsynaptic autoreceptor agonist
31
Buspirone
Bravery drug, increases boldness, only in non aggressive pets, cats being bullied, anxiety
32
Buspirone Adverse Effects
Increased friendliness in cats, assertive social interactions, exacerbation of aggression, rare sedation, agitation, bradycardia, GI, and stereotypies
33
Buspirone Contraindications
Liver and kidney disease, serotonin syndrome, aggressive animals
34
MAOI MOA
Blocks MAO enzymes that break down neurotransmitters, also enhances catecholamine effects
35
Selegiline
MAO-B inhibitor, increase dopamine, amphetamine and methamphetamine metabolites stimulate CNS, reduces oxidative stress from dopamine degradation, increases SOD
36
Selegiline Uses
FDA approved for canine cognitive dysfunction, chronic anxiety, noise aversion
37
Selegiline Adverse Effects
GI upset, lethargy, restlessness, irritability
38
Selegiline Cautions
Serotonin syndrome, drug interaction
39
Short Term Med Indications
Vet visits, car travel, separation anxiety, visitors, noise aversion, new baby, adjunct or bridge medication
40
Short Term Psychoactive Classes
Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors, α2 agonists, GABA analogues, benzodiazepines, phenothiazine neuroleptics
41
SARI
Trazodone, blocks serotonin 2A and 2C receptors for reuptake, also blocks histamine H1 and α1 receptors, partial agonist at 5-HT1A receptor
42
Trazodone Use
Situation fear, event stress, post op confinement, shelter stress, noise aversion, bridge medication, adjunct with SSRIs and TCAs
43
Noise Aversion Treatment
Psychopharmaceuticals allow desensitization and maladaptive behavior responses to decrease
44
Trazodone
Atypical antidepressant, sedative, not first choice for cats, quick onset of action, well tolerated, high margin of safety, less side effects
45
Trazodone Adverse Effects
GI, tachycardia, increased anxiety, behavior disinhibition, aggression
46
Trazodone Contraindications
Cardiac disease, hepatic or renal impairment, glaucoma, MAOIs, caution serotonin syndrom
47
Dexmedetomidine Transmucosal
Sileo FDA approved for noise aversion, reduces fear in vet visits, applied to gums
48
Sileo Side Effects
Sedation, emesis, CNS depression
49
Dexmedetomidine Reversal
Atipamezole
50
Clonidine
α2A and imidazoline receptor agonist, slows norepinephrine release in reticular activating system, sedative
51
Clonidine Use
Fear behavior problems, anxiety, calming in hyperkinetic dogs
52
Clonidine Adverse Effects
Sedation, transient hyperglycemia, dry mouth, constipation, aggression, hypotension, collapse, bradycardia, withdrawal
53
Gabapentin
GABA analogue, anticonvulsant, chronic and neuropathic pain treatment
54
Gabapentin Uses
Sedative, anxiolytic, reduces fear response in cats, storm phobia in dogs, chronic pain
55
Gabapentin Adverse Effects
Sedation, ataxia, low side effect profile, hypersalivation in cats
56
Gabapentin Contraindications
Kidney disease, eliminated by kidney
57
Imepitoin
Pexion FDA approved for noise aversion but not available in US, reduce fear and anxiety
58
Imepitoin Drawbacks
Must start 2 days before noise event, must be given BID, caution with hepatic, renal, and cardiovascular disease, side effects
59
Benzodiazepine Reversal
Flumazenil
60
Benzodiazepines
Chose based on duration of action, profound panic and fear, sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant, appetite stimulant, anticonvulsant
61
Benzodiazepine Adverse
Paradoxical excitation, disinhibition of aggression, ataxia, dependence, withdrawal
62
Alprazolam
Shortest acting benzo, brief duration events
63
Diazepam
More sedating than alprazolam, do not use in cats, lasts longer for delayed storms in storm phobia
64
Lorazepam
Best choice for cats, no active liver metabolites, less sedating than other benzos, increases appetite
65
Clonazepam
Longest acting benzo, best treatment for global fear and daily panicking dog
66
Acepromazine
Not an anxiolytic, sedative, FDA approved for dogs, cats, and horses for controlling animals, add to anxiolytic meds
67
Acepromazine Caution
Startle response and worsening of aggression in aggressive dogs, MDR1 sensitivity
68
Separation Anxiety Meds
Fluoxetine or clomipramine
69
Obsessive Behavior Med
Fluoxetine
70
Aggression Med
Fluoxetine with behavior modification
71
Inter-Cat Conflict Med
Fluoxetine
72
Noise Aversion Med
Sileo transmucosal or trazodone

Pharmacology (32 decks)

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