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Pharmacology > Unit 1- Terminology > Flashcards

Unit 1- Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacology

A

Study of properties of chemicals used as drugs for therapeutic purposes

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2
Q

Father of Chinese Medicine

A

Shen-Nung

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3
Q

Kahun Papyrus

A

Most ancient known document on gynecology

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4
Q

Hippocrates

A

Father of medicine conducted observations of patient symptoms

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5
Q

Paracelsus

A

Used drugs for specific and directed purposes

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6
Q

Rudolf Buchheim

A

Classified drugs based on pharmacological action, first real pharmacologist

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7
Q

Pharmacopoeia

A

Official compilations of medicinal substances, preparation, use, and dosages

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8
Q

Veterinary Pharmacology

A

Focuses on drugs used in domestic animals, founded due to diseases and paralells human pharmacology

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9
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

Study of four key processes governing course of drugs in the body

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10
Q

ADME

A

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion; what the body does to drugss

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11
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

Study of cell/tissue responses and receptor effect, what drugs do to the boy

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12
Q

Pharmacogenetics

A

Study of genetic determinants of response to drug therapy

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13
Q

Drug

A

A molecule that interacts with specific molecular components of an organism to produce specific biochemical and physiologic effects

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14
Q

Pharmacotherapeutics

A

Drugs that prevent, mitigate, diagnose, or treat disease

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15
Q

Drug Source Classifications

A

Organic, inorganic, synthetic

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16
Q

Drug Structure Classification

A

Steroids, glycosides, barbiturates

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17
Q

Drug Mechanism Classifications

A

Cardiac ionotropes, neuromuscular blockers, antimicrobials, etc.

18
Q

Chemical Names

A

IUPAC nomenclature

19
Q

Generic Names

A

Nonproprietary names originating during drug development

20
Q

Brand Names

A

Proprietary names used for marketing

21
Q

Determinant of degree of pharmacologic response

A

Drug concentration at tissue receptor

22
Q

Major mechanisms of drug movement

A

Bulk flow and passive diffusion

23
Q

Bulk Flow

A

Movement across fenestrated capillaries to tissue, dependent on dissolved drug concentration, characterized by molecular weight

24
Q

Passive Diffusion

A

Transmembrane diffusion depending on lipid solubility, pH, surface area, membrane thickness, and drug concentration

25
Q

Most common method of movement

A

Passive diffusion

26
Q

Partition Coefficient

A

Mixing drug in water and organic solvent, characterizes oil vs water affinity in unionized form, predicts transmembrane solubility

27
Q

Partition Coefficient Ratio

A

Greater than 1 suggests greater distribution and high lipid solubility

28
Q

pKa

A

pH at which 50% of the drug exists in ionized state and 50% in the more desirable nonionized lipid-soluble state

29
Q

Environmental pH

A

Drugs are more likely to diffuse into tissues when in a pH similar to their pKa, unlike environments cause drugs to be ionized

30
Q

Stomach Conditions

A

Weak acids better absorbed in acidic conditions

31
Q

Gut Conditions

A

Weak bases better absorbed in alkaline conditions

32
Q

Henderson-Hasselback equation

A

Calculates percentage ionized of a drug or determines concentration of a drug across a biological membrane

33
Q

Carrier-Mediated Transport

A

Several specialized membranes have specific transport systems allowing the body to exert control and selectivity over chemicals that are allowed to enter

34
Q

Importance of carrier transport

A

GI absorption, cellular uptake, removal of drugs from CSF, biliary and renal excretion

35
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Carrier binds drugs and carries them across the membrane, does not require energy or operate across a concentration gradient

36
Q

Facilitated Diffusion Examples

A

Reabsorption of glucose by kidney, absorption of B12 by intestine, ion channels

37
Q

Active Transport

A

Drug transport is conducted by specific carrier proteins through the membrane, requires ATP to move against the concentration gradient

38
Q

P-Glycoprotein

A

MDR1 membrane protein that requires ATP to keep exogenous compounds out of critical tissues

39
Q

MDR1 Locations

A

Blood-brain barrier, blood-testis barrier, kidney, liver, intestine, and placenta

40
Q

Endocystosis

A

Compound binds the cell surface and is invaginated by the cell

Pharmacology (32 decks)

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