Unit 1- Terminology

Question 1

Pharmacology

Answer 1

Study of properties of chemicals used as drugs for therapeutic purposes

Question 2

Father of Chinese Medicine

Answer 2

Shen-Nung

Question 3

Kahun Papyrus

Answer 3

Most ancient known document on gynecology

Question 4

Hippocrates

Answer 4

Father of medicine conducted observations of patient symptoms

Question 5

Paracelsus

Answer 5

Used drugs for specific and directed purposes

Question 6

Rudolf Buchheim

Answer 6

Classified drugs based on pharmacological action, first real pharmacologist

Question 7

Pharmacopoeia

Answer 7

Official compilations of medicinal substances, preparation, use, and dosages

Question 8

Veterinary Pharmacology

Answer 8

Focuses on drugs used in domestic animals, founded due to diseases and paralells human pharmacology

Question 9

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 9

Study of four key processes governing course of drugs in the body

Question 10

ADME

Answer 10

Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion; what the body does to drugss

Question 11

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 11

Study of cell/tissue responses and receptor effect, what drugs do to the boy

Question 12

Pharmacogenetics

Answer 12

Study of genetic determinants of response to drug therapy

Question 13

Drug

Answer 13

A molecule that interacts with specific molecular components of an organism to produce specific biochemical and physiologic effects

Question 14

Pharmacotherapeutics

Answer 14

Drugs that prevent, mitigate, diagnose, or treat disease

Question 15

Drug Source Classifications

Answer 15

Organic, inorganic, synthetic

Question 16

Drug Structure Classification

Answer 16

Steroids, glycosides, barbiturates

Question 17

Drug Mechanism Classifications

Answer 17

Cardiac ionotropes, neuromuscular blockers, antimicrobials, etc.

Question 18

Chemical Names

Answer 18

IUPAC nomenclature

Question 19

Generic Names

Answer 19

Nonproprietary names originating during drug development

Question 20

Brand Names

Answer 20

Proprietary names used for marketing

Question 21

Determinant of degree of pharmacologic response

Answer 21

Drug concentration at tissue receptor

Question 22

Major mechanisms of drug movement

Answer 22

Bulk flow and passive diffusion

Question 23

Bulk Flow

Answer 23

Movement across fenestrated capillaries to tissue, dependent on dissolved drug concentration, characterized by molecular weight

Question 24

Passive Diffusion

Answer 24

Transmembrane diffusion depending on lipid solubility, pH, surface area, membrane thickness, and drug concentration

Question 25

Most common method of movement

Answer 25

Passive diffusion

Question 26

Partition Coefficient

Answer 26

Mixing drug in water and organic solvent, characterizes oil vs water affinity in unionized form, predicts transmembrane solubility

Question 27

Partition Coefficient Ratio

Answer 27

Greater than 1 suggests greater distribution and high lipid solubility

Question 28

pKa

Answer 28

pH at which 50% of the drug exists in ionized state and 50% in the more desirable nonionized lipid-soluble state

Question 29

Environmental pH

Answer 29

Drugs are more likely to diffuse into tissues when in a pH similar to their pKa, unlike environments cause drugs to be ionized

Question 30

Stomach Conditions

Answer 30

Weak acids better absorbed in acidic conditions

Question 31

Gut Conditions

Answer 31

Weak bases better absorbed in alkaline conditions

Question 32

Henderson-Hasselback equation

Answer 32

Calculates percentage ionized of a drug or determines concentration of a drug across a biological membrane

Question 33

Carrier-Mediated Transport

Answer 33

Several specialized membranes have specific transport systems allowing the body to exert control and selectivity over chemicals that are allowed to enter

Question 34

Importance of carrier transport

Answer 34

GI absorption, cellular uptake, removal of drugs from CSF, biliary and renal excretion

Question 35

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 35

Carrier binds drugs and carries them across the membrane, does not require energy or operate across a concentration gradient

Question 36

Facilitated Diffusion Examples

Answer 36

Reabsorption of glucose by kidney, absorption of B12 by intestine, ion channels

Question 37

Active Transport

Answer 37

Drug transport is conducted by specific carrier proteins through the membrane, requires ATP to move against the concentration gradient

Question 38

P-Glycoprotein

Answer 38

MDR1 membrane protein that requires ATP to keep exogenous compounds out of critical tissues

Question 39

MDR1 Locations

Answer 39

Blood-brain barrier, blood-testis barrier, kidney, liver, intestine, and placenta

Question 40

Endocystosis

Answer 40

Compound binds the cell surface and is invaginated by the cell