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Pharmacology > Unit 3- Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Unit 3- Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Somatic Innervation

A

One neuron with cell body in CNS and myelinated axon extending to muscle

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2
Q

Autonomic Innervation

A

Preganglionic neuron in CNS and unmyelinated slow conducting postganglionic neuron extending to body structure

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3
Q

General Visceral Efferents

A

Sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems

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4
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

Short preganglionic axons leaving spinal cord in thoracolumbar region, passing through ventral root to the sympathetic ganglion chain

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5
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

Long preganglionic axons leaving spinal cord in cranial and sacral regions to synapse in ganglia within viscera

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6
Q

Intramural Ganglia

A

Ganglia residing close to or within pelvic viscera

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7
Q

Enteric Nervous System

A

GI sensory and motor interneurons that function independently of, but can still be influenced by, the CNS, NANC fibers

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8
Q

Dual ANS Innervation

A

Both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation that is functionally antagonistic, but weighted towards PSNS or SNS

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9
Q

Sympathetic ONLY Organs

A

Adrenal medulla, peripheral blood vessels, pilomotor muscles, sweat glands

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10
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A

Modified sympathetic ganglion with chromaffin cells analogous to neurons with nicotinic receptors

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11
Q

Chromaffin Cells

A

Synthesize and EPI and NE in the blood

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12
Q

Sympathetic Preganglionic NT

A

Ach

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13
Q

Nicotinic Neuronal Receptors

A

Bound and activated by Ach on postganglionic neurons

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14
Q

Cholinergic Fibers

A

Synthesize and release Ach

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15
Q

Postganglionic Cholinergic Fibers

A

Postganglionic sympathetic neurons that release Ach to bind to muscarinic receptors

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16
Q

Postganglionic Sympathetic NT

A

NE

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17
Q

Adrenergic Receptors

A

α and β receptors bound and activated by NE

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18
Q

Adrenergic Fibers

A

Nerve fibers that synthesize and release NE

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19
Q

Dopamine

A

Immediate metabolic precursor to NE, released by some postganglionic sympathetic neurons to bind dopaminergic receptors in peripheral vasculature

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20
Q

Preganglionic Parasympathetic NT

A

Ach

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21
Q

Postganglionic Parasympathetic NT

A

Ach

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22
Q

Muscarinic Receptors

A

Bound and activated by postganglionic Ach

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23
Q

Renal Vessel Sympathetic Receptors

A

Dopaminergic

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24
Q

Sweat and vessel sympathetic receptors

A

Cholinergic

25
Q

Visceral sympathetic receptors

A

Adrenergic

26
Q

NANC Transmitters

A

ATP, VIP, NPY, serotonin, substance P, CGRP, NO

27
Q

Cotransmitters

A

Molecules released with NT that can also function as NANC NT

28
Q

Sympathetic ATP

A

Can be cotransmitted with NE, also activates purinergic adenosine P1, P2X, and P2Y receptors

29
Q

Parasympathetic ATP

A

Cotransmitter in urinary bladder

30
Q

Neuropeptide Y

A

Sympathetic cotransmitter/NANC that activates neurokinin receptors Y1 and Y2 to modulate sympathetic neurotransmission

31
Q

Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide

A

Parasympathetic cotransmitter in salivary glands

32
Q

Cotransmitter Release

A

Can be stored and released with NE/Ach or in separate vesicles

33
Q

Cholinergic Vesicles

A

Small membrane bound Ach vesicles or large vesicles

34
Q

Vesicle Associated Membrane Proteins

A

align Ach vesicles

35
Q

Synaptosomal Nerve-Associated Proteins

A

Interact with VAMPS to facilitate membrane fusion

36
Q

Choline Acetyltransferase

A

Synthesized Ach from acetyl-CoA and choline in cytoplasm

37
Q

Choline Membrane Transport

A

Enters the neuron via sodium dependent membrane choline transporter

38
Q

Quanta

A

A vesicle storing Ach

39
Q

Acetylcholinesterase

A

Located close to synaptic cleft on postsynaptic neuron and hydrolyzes Ach to inactivate

40
Q

Ach Pathway

A

In cytoplasm of presynaptic neuron, CHT synthesizes to be stored in vesicles that are aligned by VAMPs and fuse with the membrane by SNAps when the action potential activates voltage gated calcium channels. Ach transiently binds postsynaptic cholinergic receptors and is degrades by AchE

41
Q

Catecholamine Synthesis

A

Dopamine converts to NE as the terminal step in neurons, later converted to Epi

42
Q

Regulation of Catecholamine in Cytoplasm

A

Inactivation of catecholamine by MAO or transportation into granules by vesicular monoamine transporter

43
Q

MAO

A

Neuronal mitochondrial enzyme that inactivates catecholamines

44
Q

Adrenal Medulla NT

A

Chromaffin cells mostly release Epi

45
Q

NE Postganglionic Binding

A

Adrenergic receptors on postsynaptic cells and presynaptic postganglionic cells

46
Q

Presynaptic α2 Adrenergic Receptors

A

Inhibit NT release from postganglionic nerve terminal (negative feedback)

47
Q

Termination of NE Synaptic Activity

A

Metabolized by COMT, transported back into postganglionic terminal via NET active transporter, can diffuse away and be metabolized or excreted

48
Q

Nicotinic Receptor Location

A

Postganglionic neurons, chromaffin cells, and neuromuscular junction

49
Q

Nicotinic Receptor Function

A

Ligand gated Na+ and Ca2+ ion channels causing cell membrane depolarization and excitation at postganglionic neurons, chromaffin cells, and skeletal muscle

50
Q

Muscarinic Receptor Location

A

Postsynaptic parasympathetic targets; heart, glands, bladder, GI

51
Q

Muscarinic Receptor Function

A

GPCRs that allow specificity in intracellular response profiles due to 5 subtypes

52
Q

Adrenergic Receptors Function

A

GPCRs allowing specificity in intracellular response profiles due to 10 subtypes

53
Q

α1 Receptor

A

Pupil dilation, lacrimal secretion, vessel constriction, decrease GI motility, increase sphincter tone, inhibit secretion, increase bladder sphincter contraction, glycogenolysis

54
Q

α2 Receptor

A

Vessel constriction, decrease GI motility

55
Q

β1 Receptor

A

Increase HR, increase heart contraction and conduction, decrease GI motility, renin secretion

56
Q

β2 Receptor

A

Relax ciliary muscle, dilate bronchioles, increase heart output, vessel dilation, decrease GI motility, relax detrusor muscle, gluconeogenesis

57
Q

M2 and M3 Receptors

A

Constrict pupil, contract ciliary muscle, greatly increase lacrimal and salivary secretion, contract bronchioles, decrease HR and heart contractility and conduction, increase GI motility, decrease sphincter tone, stimulate secretion, contract detrusor, relax urinary sphincter

58
Q

Primary Cardiac Receptors

A

β1 and M2

59
Q

Primary Urinary Receptor

Pharmacology (32 decks)

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