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Pharmacology > Unit 3- Autonomic Nervous System > Flashcards

Unit 3- Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Somatic Innervation

A

One neuron with cell body in CNS and myelinated axon extending to muscle

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2
Q

Autonomic Innervation

A

Preganglionic neuron in CNS and unmyelinated slow conducting postganglionic neuron extending to body structure

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3
Q

General Visceral Efferents

A

Sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems

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4
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

Short preganglionic axons leaving spinal cord in thoracolumbar region, passing through ventral root to the sympathetic ganglion chain

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5
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

Long preganglionic axons leaving spinal cord in cranial and sacral regions to synapse in ganglia within viscera

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6
Q

Intramural Ganglia

A

Ganglia residing close to or within pelvic viscera

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7
Q

Enteric Nervous System

A

GI sensory and motor interneurons that function independently of, but can still be influenced by, the CNS, NANC fibers

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8
Q

Dual ANS Innervation

A

Both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation that is functionally antagonistic, but weighted towards PSNS or SNS

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9
Q

Sympathetic ONLY Organs

A

Adrenal medulla, peripheral blood vessels, pilomotor muscles, sweat glands

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10
Q

Adrenal Medulla

A

Modified sympathetic ganglion with chromaffin cells analogous to neurons with nicotinic receptors

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11
Q

Chromaffin Cells

A

Synthesize and EPI and NE in the blood

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12
Q

Sympathetic Preganglionic NT

A

Ach

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13
Q

Nicotinic Neuronal Receptors

A

Bound and activated by Ach on postganglionic neurons

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14
Q

Cholinergic Fibers

A

Synthesize and release Ach

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15
Q

Postganglionic Cholinergic Fibers

A

Postganglionic sympathetic neurons that release Ach to bind to muscarinic receptors

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16
Q

Postganglionic Sympathetic NT

A

NE

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17
Q

Adrenergic Receptors

A

α and β receptors bound and activated by NE

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18
Q

Adrenergic Fibers

A

Nerve fibers that synthesize and release NE

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19
Q

Dopamine

A

Immediate metabolic precursor to NE, released by some postganglionic sympathetic neurons to bind dopaminergic receptors in peripheral vasculature

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20
Q

Preganglionic Parasympathetic NT

A

Ach

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21
Q

Postganglionic Parasympathetic NT

A

Ach

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22
Q

Muscarinic Receptors

A

Bound and activated by postganglionic Ach

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23
Q

Renal Vessel Sympathetic Receptors

A

Dopaminergic

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24
Q

Sweat and vessel sympathetic receptors

A

Cholinergic

25
Visceral sympathetic receptors
Adrenergic
26
NANC Transmitters
ATP, VIP, NPY, serotonin, substance P, CGRP, NO
27
Cotransmitters
Molecules released with NT that can also function as NANC NT
28
Sympathetic ATP
Can be cotransmitted with NE, also activates purinergic adenosine P1, P2X, and P2Y receptors
29
Parasympathetic ATP
Cotransmitter in urinary bladder
30
Neuropeptide Y
Sympathetic cotransmitter/NANC that activates neurokinin receptors Y1 and Y2 to modulate sympathetic neurotransmission
31
Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide
Parasympathetic cotransmitter in salivary glands
32
Cotransmitter Release
Can be stored and released with NE/Ach or in separate vesicles
33
Cholinergic Vesicles
Small membrane bound Ach vesicles or large vesicles
34
Vesicle Associated Membrane Proteins
align Ach vesicles
35
Synaptosomal Nerve-Associated Proteins
Interact with VAMPS to facilitate membrane fusion
36
Choline Acetyltransferase
Synthesized Ach from acetyl-CoA and choline in cytoplasm
37
Choline Membrane Transport
Enters the neuron via sodium dependent membrane choline transporter
38
Quanta
A vesicle storing Ach
39
Acetylcholinesterase
Located close to synaptic cleft on postsynaptic neuron and hydrolyzes Ach to inactivate
40
Ach Pathway
In cytoplasm of presynaptic neuron, CHT synthesizes to be stored in vesicles that are aligned by VAMPs and fuse with the membrane by SNAps when the action potential activates voltage gated calcium channels. Ach transiently binds postsynaptic cholinergic receptors and is degrades by AchE
41
Catecholamine Synthesis
Dopamine converts to NE as the terminal step in neurons, later converted to Epi
42
Regulation of Catecholamine in Cytoplasm
Inactivation of catecholamine by MAO or transportation into granules by vesicular monoamine transporter
43
MAO
Neuronal mitochondrial enzyme that inactivates catecholamines
44
Adrenal Medulla NT
Chromaffin cells mostly release Epi
45
NE Postganglionic Binding
Adrenergic receptors on postsynaptic cells and presynaptic postganglionic cells
46
Presynaptic α2 Adrenergic Receptors
Inhibit NT release from postganglionic nerve terminal (negative feedback)
47
Termination of NE Synaptic Activity
Metabolized by COMT, transported back into postganglionic terminal via NET active transporter, can diffuse away and be metabolized or excreted
48
Nicotinic Receptor Location
Postganglionic neurons, chromaffin cells, and neuromuscular junction
49
Nicotinic Receptor Function
Ligand gated Na+ and Ca2+ ion channels causing cell membrane depolarization and excitation at postganglionic neurons, chromaffin cells, and skeletal muscle
50
Muscarinic Receptor Location
Postsynaptic parasympathetic targets; heart, glands, bladder, GI
51
Muscarinic Receptor Function
GPCRs that allow specificity in intracellular response profiles due to 5 subtypes
52
Adrenergic Receptors Function
GPCRs allowing specificity in intracellular response profiles due to 10 subtypes
53
α1 Receptor
Pupil dilation, lacrimal secretion, vessel constriction, decrease GI motility, increase sphincter tone, inhibit secretion, increase bladder sphincter contraction, glycogenolysis
54
α2 Receptor
Vessel constriction, decrease GI motility
55
β1 Receptor
Increase HR, increase heart contraction and conduction, decrease GI motility, renin secretion
56
β2 Receptor
Relax ciliary muscle, dilate bronchioles, increase heart output, vessel dilation, decrease GI motility, relax detrusor muscle, gluconeogenesis
57
M2 and M3 Receptors
Constrict pupil, contract ciliary muscle, greatly increase lacrimal and salivary secretion, contract bronchioles, decrease HR and heart contractility and conduction, increase GI motility, decrease sphincter tone, stimulate secretion, contract detrusor, relax urinary sphincter
58
Primary Cardiac Receptors
β1 and M2
59
Primary Urinary Receptor
M3

Pharmacology (32 decks)

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