Unit 2- CNS

Question 1

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 1

Parasympathetic rest and digest vs Sympathetic fight or flight

Question 2

Neuron

Answer 2

A single nerve cell

Question 3

Nerve

Answer 3

Nervous tissue with neurons and vessels

Question 4

Efferent Nerve

Answer 4

Conducts signals from CNS along motor neurons to target muscles and glands

Question 5

Afferent Nerve

Answer 5

Carries nerve impulses from receptors or sense organs towards the CNS

Question 6

Mixed Nerve

Answer 6

Nerves that contain afferent and efferent axons, conducting incoming sensory information and outgoing muscle commands

Question 7

Spinal Nerve

Answer 7

Mixed nerve that carries motor, sensory, and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and body

Question 8

Glial Cells

Answer 8

Support cells of the CNS

Question 9

Neuron Structure

Answer 9

Dendrite, soma, axon, and axon terminal

Question 10

Action Potentials

Answer 10

Electrical signals carried along neurons

Question 11

Neurotransmitters

Answer 11

Chemical messengers released from presynaptic neurons to neighboring cells

Question 12

Chemical Synapses

Answer 12

Ionotropic receptors are ligand gated ions and metabotropic receptors are GPCRs

Question 13

Electrical Synapses

Answer 13

Gap junction proteins

Question 14

Resting Membrane Potential

Answer 14

• inside cell, + outside

Question 15

Action Membrane Potential

Answer 15

Channels open to allow + inside cell, - outside

Question 16

Voltage gated Ion Channels

Answer 16

Open in response to a nerve impulse, allowing Na+ into the cell, will not open for a brief period after activation

Question 17

Depolarization

Answer 17

Positive potential, channels open and allow Na+ into the neuron, sending an electrical signal

Question 18

Hyperpolarization

Answer 18

Negative potential, channels open for negative ions and prevent the neuron from receiving another stimulus

Question 19

Neuron Communication

Answer 19

Action potential arrives at terminal, voltage gated channels allow Ca++ into teh cell, synaptic vesicles fuse with membrane and release NT into the cleft, binding at postsynaptic membrane and resulting in depolarization or hyperpolarization

Question 20

Termination of Signal

Answer 20

Reuptake of NT by the presynaptic neuron, enzymatic degradation, and diffusion

Question 21

Neuropeptides

Answer 21

Larger NT made of 3+ amino acids

Question 22

Dopamine

Answer 22

Addiction and pleasure seeking

Question 23

Serotonin

Answer 23

Sleep, appetite, temp regulation, mood, anxiety, pain, memory, aggression, and perception

Question 24

Acetylcholine

Answer 24

Muscle and heart contractions

Question 25

Norepinephrine

Answer 25

Emergency response and behavioral responses

Question 26

GABA

Answer 26

Inhibitors keeping neural communication under control

Question 27

Glycine

Answer 27

Inhibitors keeping neural communication under control

Question 28

Glutamate

Answer 28

Excitatory NT in the CNS

Question 29

Histamine

Answer 29

Arousal, attention, feeding, behavior, and memory in the brain and spinal cord

Question 30

Substance P

Answer 30

Reproduction, social behavior, appetite, arousal, pain, reward, learning, and memory

Question 31

Orexin

Answer 31

Energy homeostasis

Question 32

Receptors

Answer 32

The site of action for exogenous drugs

Question 33

Excitatory Post Synaptic Potentials

Answer 33

Depolarization leads to action potential

Question 34

Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potentials

Answer 34

Hyperpolarization leads to resting potential

Question 35

Excitatory Neurotransmitters

Answer 35

Glutamate and aspartate

Question 36

Inhibitory Neurotransmitters

Answer 36

GABA and glycine

Question 37

Mixed Neurotransmitters

Answer 37

Acetylcholine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin

Question 38

GPCR Receptor Neurotransmitter

Answer 38

Substance P

Question 39

Acetylcholine Excitatory Effect

Answer 39

Nicotinic receptors in skeletal muscle

Question 40

Acetylcholine Inhibitory Effect

Answer 40

Muscarinic receptors in heart muscle