Unit 2- CNS Flashcards
Autonomic Nervous System
Parasympathetic rest and digest vs Sympathetic fight or flight
Neuron
A single nerve cell
Nerve
Nervous tissue with neurons and vessels
Efferent Nerve
Conducts signals from CNS along motor neurons to target muscles and glands
Afferent Nerve
Carries nerve impulses from receptors or sense organs towards the CNS
Mixed Nerve
Nerves that contain afferent and efferent axons, conducting incoming sensory information and outgoing muscle commands
Spinal Nerve
Mixed nerve that carries motor, sensory, and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and body
Glial Cells
Support cells of the CNS
Neuron Structure
Dendrite, soma, axon, and axon terminal
Action Potentials
Electrical signals carried along neurons
Neurotransmitters
Chemical messengers released from presynaptic neurons to neighboring cells
Chemical Synapses
Ionotropic receptors are ligand gated ions and metabotropic receptors are GPCRs
Electrical Synapses
Gap junction proteins
Resting Membrane Potential
- inside cell, + outside
Action Membrane Potential
Channels open to allow + inside cell, - outside
Voltage gated Ion Channels
Open in response to a nerve impulse, allowing Na+ into the cell, will not open for a brief period after activation
Depolarization
Positive potential, channels open and allow Na+ into the neuron, sending an electrical signal
Hyperpolarization
Negative potential, channels open for negative ions and prevent the neuron from receiving another stimulus
Neuron Communication
Action potential arrives at terminal, voltage gated channels allow Ca++ into teh cell, synaptic vesicles fuse with membrane and release NT into the cleft, binding at postsynaptic membrane and resulting in depolarization or hyperpolarization
Termination of Signal
Reuptake of NT by the presynaptic neuron, enzymatic degradation, and diffusion
Neuropeptides
Larger NT made of 3+ amino acids
Dopamine
Addiction and pleasure seeking
Serotonin
Sleep, appetite, temp regulation, mood, anxiety, pain, memory, aggression, and perception
Acetylcholine
Muscle and heart contractions
Norepinephrine
Emergency response and behavioral responses
GABA
Inhibitors keeping neural communication under control
Glycine
Inhibitors keeping neural communication under control
Glutamate
Excitatory NT in the CNS
Histamine
Arousal, attention, feeding, behavior, and memory in the brain and spinal cord
Substance P
Reproduction, social behavior, appetite, arousal, pain, reward, learning, and memory
Orexin
Energy homeostasis
Receptors
The site of action for exogenous drugs
Excitatory Post Synaptic Potentials
Depolarization leads to action potential
Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potentials
Hyperpolarization leads to resting potential
Excitatory Neurotransmitters
Glutamate and aspartate
Inhibitory Neurotransmitters
GABA and glycine
Mixed Neurotransmitters
Acetylcholine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin
GPCR Receptor Neurotransmitter
Substance P
Acetylcholine Excitatory Effect
Nicotinic receptors in skeletal muscle
Acetylcholine Inhibitory Effect
Muscarinic receptors in heart muscle
