Unit 3- Adrenergic Agonists

Question 1

Sympathomimetic

Answer 1

Mimic effects of catecholamines, dependent on similarity of structure to NE and EPI

Question 2

Direct Acting Agonists

Answer 2

Endogenous catecholamines, adrenergic receptor agonists

Question 3

Indirect Acting Antagonists

Answer 3

Trigger catecholamine release, reduce metabolism, or inhibit reuptake

Question 4

Mixed Acting Antagonists

Answer 4

Directly activate adrenergic receptors while increasing NE release

Question 5

Desensitization

Answer 5

Reduced response of receptors to an agonist after prolonged exposure, reducing physiological response

Question 6

Causes of Desensitization

Answer 6

Sequestration of receptors, destruction or decreased synthesis of receptors, receptor being phosphorylated and unable to couple to G-protein

Question 7

α1 Agonists

Answer 7

EPI, NE, phenylephrine

Question 8

α2 Agonists

Answer 8

EPI, NE, medetomidine, xylazine

Question 9

β1 Agonists

Answer 9

EPI, NE, isoproterenol, dobutamine

Question 10

β2 Agonists

Answer 10

EPI, ractopamine, isoporterenol, terbutaline

Question 11

Phenylephrine Selectivity

Answer 11

α1

Question 12

Dexmedetomidine Selectivity

Answer 12

α2

Question 13

Xylazine Selectivity

Answer 13

α2

Question 14

NE Selectivity

Answer 14

α>β1

Question 15

EPI Selectivity

Answer 15

All receptors equal

Question 16

Dobutamine Selectivity

Answer 16

β1

Question 17

Isoproterenol Selectivity

Answer 17

β

Question 18

Albuterol Selectivity

Answer 18

β2

Question 19

Terbutaline Selectivity

Answer 19

β2

Question 20

Dopamine Selectivity

Answer 20

D>β

Question 21

Fendolapam Selectivity

Answer 21

D1

Question 22

α Receptor Affinity

Answer 22

EPI, NE, isoproterenol

Question 23

β Receptor Affinity

Answer 23

Isoproterenol, EPI, NE

Question 24

α1 Activity

Answer 24

Vascular contraction, pupil dilation, urethral contraction, splenic contraction

Question 25

α2 Activity

Answer 25

Platelet aggregation, NT release inhibition, vascular contraction

Question 26

β1 Activity

Answer 26

Increase rate and force of heart contraction, increase renin release

Question 27

β2 Activity

Answer 27

Relax bronchioles, relax uterus, relax vessels, gluconeogenesis, increase insulins secretion

Question 28

β3 Activity

Answer 28

Lipolysis

Question 29

D1 Activity

Answer 29

Vascular diation

Question 30

D2 Activity

Answer 30

Modulate autonomic NT release

Question 31

α Agonist Selectivity

Answer 31

Phenylephrine, EPI, NE, isoproterenol

Question 32

β1 Agonist Selectivity

Answer 32

Isoproterenol, EPI, NE

Question 33

β2 Agonist Selectivity

Answer 33

Isoproterenol, EPI, NE

Question 34

Terbutaline

Answer 34

β2 agonist used for small animal bronchodilation, little effect on cardiac β1 receptors and virtually no α

Question 35

Albuterol

Answer 35

β2 agonist used in cats and horses for bronchodilation, aerosol improves hypoxemia in anesthetized horse

Question 36

Clenbuterol

Answer 36

β2 agonist used in horse for bronchodilator and uterine relaxant, contraindicated in food producing animals

Question 37

Isoflurane

Answer 37

Vasodilator, reduces peripheral resistance, preserves cardiac output at normal dose, decreases cardiac output by depressing contraction at high dose

Question 38

Anesthetic Hypotension

Answer 38

Dopamine, ephedrine, and dobutamine

Question 39

Dopamine

Answer 39

D1 agonist with dose dependent effects, promotes vasodilation, activates cardiac β1 receptors to increase HR and output, activates vascular α1 receptors to constrict

Question 40

Ephedrine

Answer 40

α1 and β agonist that induces NE release with dose dependent effects, activates cardiac and vascular β receptors to increase MAP and cardiac index with more effect at higher doses

Question 41

Dobutamine

Answer 41

α1 and β1 agonist increasing contractility over HR, treats low cardiac output

Question 42

Epinephrine

Answer 42

Cardiac stimulant, vasoconstrictive, renal vasoconstrictor

Question 43

Norepinephrine

Answer 43

Vasoconstrictor and renal vasoconstrictor used in hypotension

Question 44

Phenylephrine

Answer 44

Selective α1 agonist inducing peripheral vasoconstriction and splenic constriction

Question 45

Nephrosplenic Entrapment

Answer 45

Horse colon becomes trapped between spleen and body wall phenylephrine reduces spleen size and frees colon

Question 46

Pupillary Dilation

Answer 46

Phenylephrine dilates the pupil and contracts conjunctival vessels

Question 47

Horner's Syndrome

Answer 47

Constriction of the pupil, drooping of the eyelid, sinking eye, and protrusion of 3rd eyelid in affected eye; treated with phenylephrine

Question 48

Apraclonidine

Answer 48

α2 agonist decreasing intraocular pressure in human

Question 49

Brimonidine

Answer 49

α2 agonist decreasing intraocular pressure in human

Question 50

Urethral Sphincter Incontinence

Answer 50

Most common urinary incontinence in female small animal, treated with phenylpropanolamine α2 agonist

Question 51

Ractopamine