Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Unit 2- Sedatives > Flashcards

Unit 2- Sedatives Flashcards

1
Q

Sedatives MOA

A

Depress the CNS at the basal ganglia, hypothalamus, limbic system, and brain stem through dopamine, adrenergic, serotonin, opioid, and GABA receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sedative Pharmacologic Effects

A

Bradycardia, hypotension, tachycardia, hypoventilation, and decreased GI motility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Phenothiazine Derivative MOA

A

Block dopamine action and reduce action of serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Benzodiazepine MOA

A

Enhance inhibitory effect of GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

α2-adrenergic Agonist MOA

A

Stimulate α2-adrenoreceptors to inhibit norepinephrine release by negative feedback mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Butyrophenone Derivative MOA

A

Block dopamine receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Opioid MOA

A

Stimulate opioid receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Phenothiazine Derivatives

A

Chlorpromazine, Acepromazine, Promazine, Triflupromazine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Phenothiazine Pharmacologic Effects

A

Depression of brain stem and connections to cerebral cortex, decrease spontaneous motor activity, no analgesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Chlorpromazine Pharmacologic Effects

A

Sedation, antagonist of apomorphine emesis in dogs, block FSH and LH release, increase prolactin, reduce myocardium contractility, arrhythmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chlorpromazine Adverse Effects

A

Extrapyramidal signs, hyperesthesia and excitement of horses and penile prolapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Extrapyramidal Signs

A

Movement Disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chlorpromazine Contraindications

A

Hypovolemia or shock, hepatic disfunction, combine with atropine in dogs, severe side effects in horses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Acepromazine

A

More potent shorter acting than chlorpromazine, highly protein bound in horses, immobilizes large animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Promazine

A

Less potent than chlorpromazine, duration dose dependent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Triflupromazine

A

Sedative and anti-emetic, higher risk of side effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

GABA A Receptor

A

Ligand-gated ion channel causing hyperpolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Bezodiazepines

A

Diazepam, Midazolam, Clonazepam, Zolazepam, Alprazolam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Benzodiazepine Pharmacologic Effects

A

Minimal cardiovascular effects, depressed respiratory, muscular relaxation

20
Q

Benzodiazepine Uses

A

Sedative, anti anxiety, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant with ketamine, not reliable in horses, dogs, or cats

21
Q

Diazepam

A

Sedative, anxiolytic, behavior modification, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant in dogs and horses, increases appetite in cats

22
Q

Diazepam Adverse Effects

A

Impaired coordination, lethargy, aggression and excitement, and hepatotoxicity for cats

23
Q

Xanax

A

Not for use in dogs

24
Q

Clonazepam

A

Stronger than diazepam with shorter half life

25
Q

Midazolam

A

Neuroleptanalgesic with opioids in dogs

26
Q

Zolazepam

A

Used with Tiletamine for anesthesia

27
Q

Catecholamines

A

Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Epinephrine released in response to stress and acting on GPCR adrenergic receptors

28
Q

α2-Adrenergic Agonists

A

Xylazine, Medetomidine, Dex-medetomidine, Detomidine, Clonidine

29
Q

α2-Adrenergic Agonist Pharmacologic Effects

A

Sedation, analgesia, skeletal muscle relaxation, emesis in cats, reduced GI motility and secretion, hypertension followed by hypotension and bradycardia

30
Q

α2-Adrenergic Agonist Uses

A

Sedative, analgesic, immobilizer, pre-anesthetic, avoid combining with ketamine in weak animals

31
Q

Xylazine Hydrochloride

A

Wide margin of safety, poor efficacy in swine, short term anesthetic with ketamine, causes emesis in cats and dogs

32
Q

Dexmedetomidine

A

Most potent and selective α2-Agonist, no respiratory depression, shortens time to extubation

33
Q

Xylazine in Horses

A

Not for dosage in carotid artery, inhibits insulin leading to hyperglycemia, cardiac aberration, renal insufficiency, hepatic damage, and epilepsy, should only be combined with ketamine in young healthy animals, not for late pregnancy

34
Q

Butyrophenone Derivatives

A

Azaperone and Droperidol

35
Q

Azaperone

A

Sedative and anti-emetic effects in pigs and swine, pre anesthetic, D2 agonist

36
Q

Droperidol

A

More potent than promazine and chlorpromazine in dogs, restrains aggressive dogs, combined with fentanyl, contraindicated for use with epinephrine

37
Q

Opioids

A

Morphine, Oxymorphone, Fentanyl, Cerfentanil

38
Q

Analeptics

A

Stimulate the brain, speeding up mental and physical processes

39
Q

Amphetamine MOA

A

Enhance release of dopamine and norepinephrine into the synapse by blockign reuptake

40
Q

Amphetamine Pharmacologic Effects

A

Used in emergency situations, increases heart rate, blood pressure, metabolism, and temperature

41
Q

Amphetamine Adverse Effects

A

Seizure, hypertension, arrhythmia, hyperventilation, and hepatotoxicity

42
Q

Doxapram

A

Stimulates respiration by stimulating medullary respiratory centers and activating carotid and aortic chemoreceptors to arouse from anesthetic overdose

43
Q

Doxapram Adverse Effects

A

Seizure, hyperventilation, respiratory alkalosis, hypertension, and arrhythmia

44
Q

Signs of Amphetamine Toxicity in Dogs

A

Agitation, tachycardia, panting, tremors, increased temperature, vomiting, drooling, seizures

45
Q

Cocaine

A

Blocks reuptake of dopamine from the synapse

Pharmacology (32 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions