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ESA 2- Musculoskeletal System > Ulna > Flashcards

Ulna Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ulna?

A

A long bone in the forearm

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2
Q

Where does the ulna lie?

A

Medially and parallel to the radius, and second of the forearm bones

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3
Q

What does the ulna act as?

A

The stabilising bone, with radius pivoting it to produce movement

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4
Q

What does the ulna articulate with?

A

Proximally, the humerus

Distally, the radius

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5
Q

What is formed when the ulna articulates with the humerus?

A

The elbow joint

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6
Q

What is formed when the ulna articulates with the radius?

A

The distal radio-ulnar joint

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7
Q

What does the proximal portion of the ulna articulate with?

A

The trochlea of the humerus

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8
Q

What enables movement at the elbow joint?

A

The specialised structure of the ulna, with bony prominences for muscle attachment

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9
Q

What are the important landmarks of the proximal ulna?

A 
The olecranon
 Coronoid process
 Trochlear notch
 Radial notch
 Tuberosity of ulna
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10
Q

What is the olecranon?

A

A large projection of bone

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11
Q

Where does the olecranon extend?

A

Proximally

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12
Q

What does the olecranon form?

A

Part of the trochlear notch

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13
Q

Where can the olecranon be palpated?

A

As the ‘tip’ of the elbow

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14
Q

What attaches to the olecranon?

A

The triceps brachii, at its superior surface

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15
Q

What is the coronoid process?

A

A ridge of bone that projects outwards in an anterior manner

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16
Q

What does the coronoid process form?

A

Part of the trochlear notch

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17
Q

What is the trochlear notch formed by?

A

Olecranon

Coronoid process

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18
Q

What shape is the trochlear notch?

A

Wrench shaped

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19
Q

What does the trochlear notch do?

A

Articulates with the trochlea of the humerus

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20
Q

Where is the radial notch located?

A

On the lateral surface of the trochlear notch

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21
Q

What does the radial notch do?

A

Articulates with the head of the radius

22
Q

What is the tuberosity of the ulna?

A

A roughening immediately distal of the coronoid process

23
Q

What is the purpose of the tuberosity of the ulna?

A

It is where the brachialis muscle attaches

24
Q

What shape is the ulnar shaft?

A

Triangular

25
Q

What does the ulnar shaft have?

A

Three borders and three surfaces

26
Q

What happens as the ulnar shaft moves distally?

A

It decreases in width

27
Q

What are the three surfaces of the ulnar shaft?

A

Anterior
Posterior
Medial

28
Q

What is the importance of the anterior surface of the ulnar shaft?

A

It is the site of attachment for the pronator quadratus muscle distally

29
Q

What is the importance of the posterior surface of the ulnar surface?

A

It is the site of attachment for many muscles

30
Q

What are the three borders of the ulnar shaft?

A

Posterior
Interosseous
Anterior

31
Q

Where is the posterior border of the ulnar shaft palpable?

A

Along the entire length of the forearm posteriorly

32
Q

What is the importance of the interosseous border of the ulnar shaft?

A

It is the site of attachment for the interosseous membrane

33
Q

What does the interosseous membrane do?

A

Spans the distance between the two forearm bones

34
Q

How does the distal portion of the ulna differ from the proximal end?

A

It is much smaller in diameter

35
Q

How does the distal portion of the ulna terminate?

A

In a rounded head, with a distal projection

36
Q

What is the distal projection on the rounded head of the ulnar called?

A

The ulnar styloid process

37
Q

What does the ulnar head articulate with?

A

The ulnar notch of the radius

38
Q

What is formed when the ulnar head articulates with the ulnar notch?

A

The distal radio-ulnar joint

39
Q

How does a fracture of the ulnar alone usually occur?

A

As a result of the ulna being hit by an object

40
Q

Where is the most likely site of ulnar fracture?

A

The shaft

41
Q

What happens in a shaft fracture of the ulna?

A

The normal muscle tone will pull the proximal ulna posteriorly

42
Q

What can less commonly be fractured in the ulna?

A

The olecranon process

43
Q

What causes olecranon process fractures?

A

The patient falling on a flexed elbow

44
Q

What happens when the olecranon process fractures?

A

The triceps brachii can displace part of the fragment proximally

45
Q

How are the ulna and radius attached?

A

Interosseous membrane

46
Q

What is the result of the interosseous membrane regarding fractures?

A

The force of trauma to one bone can be transmitted to the other via the membrane, and therefore fracture of both the forearm bones are not uncommon

47
Q

What are the two classical fractures of both forearm bones?

A

Monteggia’s fracture

Galeazzi’s fracture

48
Q

What causes Monteggia’s Fracture?

A

Force from behind the ulna

49
Q

What happens in Monteggia’s Fracture?

A

The proximal shaft of the ulna is fractured, and the head of the radius dislocates anteriorly at the elbow

50
Q

What is Galaezzi’s fracture?

A

A fracture to the distal radius, with the ulna head dislocating at the distal radio-ulnar joint

ESA 2- Musculoskeletal System (69 decks)

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