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ESA 2- Musculoskeletal System > Muscles in the Posterior Compartment of the Leg > Flashcards

Muscles in the Posterior Compartment of the Leg Flashcards

1
Q

How many muscles does the posterior compartment of the leg contain?

A

7

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2
Q

How are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg organised?

A

Superficial

Deep

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3
Q

What separates the two compartments of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

A band of fascia

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4
Q

How does the size of the posterior compartment of the leg differ from the others?

A

It is the largest

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5
Q

What do the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg collectively do?

A

Plantarflex and invert the foot

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6
Q

What are the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg innervated by?

A

The tibial nerve

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7
Q

What do the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg form?

A

The characteristic ‘calf’ shape of the posterior leg

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8
Q

What do all the muscles of the superior compartment of the posterior leg insert into?

A

The calcaneus of the foot (the heel bone), via the calcaneal tendon

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9
Q

What does the calcaneal reflex test?

A

Spinal roots S1-S2

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10
Q

How is friction minimised during movement of the calcaneal tendon?

A

There are two bursae associated with the tendon

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11
Q

What are the bursae associated with the calcaneal tendon?

A

Subcutaneous calcaneal bursa

Deep bursa of the calcaneal tendon

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12
Q

Where does the subcutaneous calcaneal bursa lie?

A

Between the spin and the calcaneal tendon

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13
Q

Where does the deep bursa of the calcaneal tendon lie?

A

Between the tendon and the calcaneus

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14
Q

What are the muscles in the superficial compartment of the anterior leg?

A

Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Soleus

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15
Q

What is the most superficial of the muscles in the posterior leg?

A

The gastrocnemius

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16
Q

What does the gastrocnemius have?

A

Two heads, the medial and lateral

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17
Q

What happens to the medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius?

A

They converge to form a single muscle belly

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18
Q

What does the gastrocnemius muscle consist of?

A

Mainly fast twitch muscle fibres

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19
Q

What do the muscle fibres of the gastrocnemius produce?

A

Forceful movements, such as running and jumping

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20
Q

What is the innervation of the gastrocnemius?

A

Tibial nerve (S1, S2)

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21
Q

What is the arterial supply of the gastrocnemius?

A

Sural artery

Posterior tibial artery

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22
Q

What is the main action of the gastrocnemius?

A

Plantarflexes ankle when knee is extended
Raises heel during walking
Flexes leg at knee joint

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23
Q

What is the innervation of the soleus?

A

Tibial nerve (S1, S2)

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24
Q

What is the arterial supply of the soleus?

A

Posterior tibial artery

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25
What is the main action of the soleus?
Plantarflexes ankle independent of the position of the knee | Steadies leg on foot
26
What shape is soleus?
Large and flat
27
Where is the soleus located?
Deep to the gastrocnemius
28
How big is the plantaris?
Small
29
What can the long tendon of the plantaris be mistaken for?
A nerve
30
In what % of people is the plantaris absent in?
10%
31
What is the innervation of the plantaris?
Tibial nerve (S1, S2)
32
What is the arterial supply of the plantaris?
Popliteal artery
33
What is the main action of plantaris?
Weakly assists gastrocnemius in plantarflexing the ankle
34
What does rupture of the calcaneal tendon refer to?
A partial or complete tear of the tendon
35
Who is a rupture of calcneal tendon more likely to occur in?
People with a history of calcaneal tendonitis
36
What is calcaneal tendonitis?
Chronic inflammation of the tendon
37
How is a rupture of the calcaneal tendon usually sustained?
During forceful plantarflexion of the foot
38
What normally happens in a rupture of the calcaneal tendon?
The patient will be unable to plantarflex the foot against resistance, and the affected foot will be permanently dorsiflexed
39
What is formed in a rupture of the calcaneal tendon?
A lump in the calf region
40
What forms a lump in the calf region with a rupture of the calcaneal tendon?
The soleus and gastrocnemius can contract
41
What is the treatment for a ruptured calcaneal tendon?
Usually non-surgical, except in those with active lifestyles
42
How many muscles are the in the deep compartment of the posterior leg?
4
43
What are the muscles of the deep compartment of of the posterior leg?
Popliteus Tibialis posterior Flexor hallucis longus Flexor digitorum longus
44
What do the muscles of the deep compartment of the posterior leg act on?
The popliteus acts only on the knee joint | The other three act on the ankle and foot
45
Where is the popliteus located?
Superiorly in the leg, behind the knee joint
46
What does the popliteus form?
The base of the cubital fossa
47
Where does the popliteus bursa lie?
Between the popliteal tendon and the posterior surface of the knee
48
What is the innervation of the popliteus?
Tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1)
49
What is the arterial supply of the popliteus?
Popliteal artery
50
What is the main action of the popliteus?
Weakly flexes knee and unlocks it by rotating the femur 5º on fixed tibia Medially rotates tibia of unplanted limb
51
What is the deepest of the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?
Tibialis posterior
52
Where does the tibialis posterior lie?
Between the flexor digitorum longus and the flexor hallicus longus
53
What is the innervation of the tibialis posterior?
Tibial nerve (L4, L5)
54
What is the arterial supply of the tibialis posterior?
Anterior tibial artery
55
What is the main action of the tibialis posterior?
Plantarflexes ankle | Inverts foot
56
Where is the flexor hallucis longus found?
On the lateral side of the leg
57
What is the innervation of the flexor hallicus longus?
Tibial nerve (S2, S3)
58
What is the arterial supply of the flexor hallicus longus?
Anterior tibial artery
59
What is the main action of the flexor hallicus longus?
Flexes great toe at all joints Weakly plantarflexes ankle Supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
60
Where is the flexor digitorum longus located?
Medially in the posterior leg
61
What is the innervation of the flexor digitorum longus?
Tibial nerve (S2, S3)
62
What is the main action of the flexor digitorum longus?
Flexes lateral 4 digits Plantarflexes the ankle Supports longitudinal arches of foot

ESA 2- Musculoskeletal System (69 decks)

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