Hand bones

Question 1

What do the bones of the hand provide?

Answer 1

Support and flexibility to the soft tissues

Question 2

What can the bones of the hand be divided into?

Answer 2

Carpal bones
Metacarpals
Phalanges

Question 3

What are the most proximal bones of the hand?

Answer 3

Carpal bones

Question 4

What are the carpal bones?

Answer 4

A set of 8 irregularly shaped bones

Question 5

Where are the carpal bones located?

Answer 5

In the wrist area

Question 6

How many metacarpals are there?

Answer 6

5- one related to each digit

Question 7

What are the phalanges?

Answer 7

The bones of the fingers

Question 8

How many phalanges does each finger have?

Answer 8

3, apart from the thumb, which has two

Question 9

How are the carpal bones organised?

Answer 9

Into two rows, proximal and distal

Question 10

What are the carpal bones in the proximal row (lateral to medial)?

Answer 10

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform

Question 11

What kind of bone is the pisiform?

Answer 11

A sesamoid bone

Question 12

What is the pisiform formed with?

Answer 12

The tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 13

What are the carpal bones of the distal row (lateral to medial)?

Answer 13

Trapesium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

Question 14

What does the hamate have?

Answer 14

A projection on its palmar surface, called the hook of hamate

Question 15

What articulates with the radius proximally?

Answer 15

The scaphoid and lunate

Question 16

What do the carpal bones in the distal row articulate with?

Answer 16

The metacarpals

Question 17

What are the carpal bones most commonly fractured?

Answer 17

The scaphoid and lunate

Question 18

What is the usual mechanism of injury for fracture of scaphoid and lunate?

Answer 18

FOOSH (falling on outstretched hand)

Question 19

What is the classical clinical feature of a scaphoid fracture?

Answer 19

Pain and tenderness in the anatomical snuffbox

Question 20

What needs to happen to a scaphoid fracture?

Answer 20

It needs to be reduced quickly

Question 21

Why does a scaphoid fracture need to be reduced quickly?

Answer 21

As the blood supply to the proximal part of the bone can be cut off, causing it to undergo avascular necrosis

Question 22

What are patients with a missed scaphoid fracture likely to develop?

Answer 22

Arthritis later in life

Question 23

When does a lunate fracture occur?

Answer 23

When there is hyperextension at the wrist

Question 24

What is a lunate fracture associated with?

Answer 24

Damage to the median nerve

Question 25

What do the metacarpal bones articulate with?

Answer 25

Proximally, with carpals  | Distally, with proximal phalanges

Question 26

What are the metacarpal bones?

Answer 26

``` Metacarpal I- thumb  Metacarpal II- index finger  Metacarpal III- middle finger Metacarpal IV- ring finger  Metacarpal V- little finger ```

Question 27

What does each metacarpal consist of?

Answer 27

A base, shaft, and a head

Question 28

What is true of the medial and lateral surfaces of the metacarpals?

Answer 28

They are concave

Question 29

Why are the medial and lateral surfaces of the metacarpals concave?

Answer 29

Allowing attachment of the interoessei muscles

Question 30

What are the common fractures of the metacarpals?

Answer 30

Boxer’s fracture  | Bennett’s fracture

Question 31

What is the Boxer’s fracture?

Answer 31

A fracture of the 5th metacarpal neck

Question 32

What is the Boxer’s fracture usually caused by?

Answer 32

A clenched fist striking a hard object

Question 33

What happens in the Boxer’s fracture?

Answer 33

The distal part of the fracture is displaced posteriorly, producing a shortening of the affected finger

Question 34

What is a Bennett’s fracture?

Answer 34

A fracture of the first metacarpal base, extending into the carpometacarpal joint

Question 35

What is Bennett’s fracture caused by?

Answer 35

Hyperabduction of the thumb