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ESA 2- Musculoskeletal System > Scapula > Flashcards

Scapula Flashcards

1
Q

What is the scapula also known as?

A

The shoulder blade

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2
Q

What does the scapula articulate with?

A

The humerus

The clavicle

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3
Q

Where does the scapula articulate with the humerus?

A

At the glenohumeral joint

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4
Q

Where does the scapula articulate with the clavicle?

A

At the acromioclavicular joint

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5
Q

What does the scapula connect?

A

The upper limb to the trunk

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6
Q

What shape is the scapula?

A

Triangular, flat

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7
Q

What does the scapula act as?

A

The site of attachment for 17 muscles

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8
Q

What is the anterior surface of the scapula termed?

A

Costal

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9
Q

Why is the anterior surface termed costal?

A

Because it’s the side facing the ribcage

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10
Q

What does the costal surface of the scapula covering most of its surface?

A

A concave depression, called the subscapular fossa

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11
Q

What originates from the subscapular fossa?

A

The subscapularis muscle

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12
Q

What is the subscapular fossa?

A

One of the rotator cuff muscles

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13
Q

What originates from the superolateral surface of the costal scapula?

A

The coracoid process

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14
Q

What is the corocoid process?

A

A hook-like projection

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15
Q

Where does the coracoid process lie?

A

Just under the clavicle

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16
Q

Why is the coracoid process significant?

A

The short head of the biceps brachii and pectoralis minor attach here
The coracobrachialis muscle originates from this projection

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17
Q

What does the lateral surface of the scapula face?

A

The humerus

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18
Q

What is the lateral surface of the scapula the site of?

A

The glenohumeral joint

Various muscle attachments

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19
Q

What is the glenoid fossa?

A

A shallow cavity

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20
Q

What is the purpose of the glenoid fossa?

A

It articulates with the humerus to form the glenohumeral joint

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21
Q

What part of the lateral surface of the scapula is important clinically?

A

The superior part

22
Q

Why is the superior part of the lateral surface of the scapula important clinically?

A

As it articulates with the humerus to make up the shoulder joint, or glenohumeral joint

23
Q

What is the supraglenoid tubercle?

A

A roughening immediately superior to the glenoid fossa

24
Q

What is the importance of the supraglenoid tubercle?

A

It is the place of attachment of the long head of the biceps brachii

25
Q

What is the infraglenoid tubercle?

A

A roughening immediately inferior to the glenoid fossa

26
Q

What is the importance of the infraglenoid tubercle?

A

It is the place of attachment of the long head of the triceps brachii

27
Q

Where does the posterior surface of the scapula face?

A

Outwards

28
Q

What is the posterior surface of the scapula the site of?

A

The majority of the rotator cuff muscles in the shoulder

29
Q

What is the most prominent feature of the posterior surface of the scapula?

A

The spine

30
Q

What does the spine do?

A

Runs transversely across the scapula, dividing the surface in two

31
Q

What is the area below the spine of the scapula called?

A

Infraspinous fossa

32
Q

What does the infraspinous fossa display?

A

A convex shape

33
Q

What originates from the infraspinous fossa?

A

The infraspinatus muscle

34
Q

What is the area above the spine of the scapula called?

A

Supraspinous fossa

35
Q

How does the supraspinous fossa differ from the infraspinous?

A

It is much smaller, and more convex is shape

36
Q

What originates from the supraspinous fossa?

A

The supraspinatus muscle

37
Q

What is acromion?

A

A projection of the spine that arches over the glenohumeral joint

38
Q

What does the acromion articulate with?

A

The clavicle

39
Q

What is the clinical relevance of the scapula?

A

Fractures of the scapula

Winged scapula

40
Q

How common are fractures of the scapula?

A

Relatively uncommon

41
Q

What are fractures of the scapula an indication of?

A

Severe chest trauma

42
Q

Where are fractures of the scapula frequently seen?

A

High speed road collisions, crushing injuries, or sports injuries

43
Q

Does the fractured scapula require intervention?

A

Not much

44
Q

Why does the fracture of the scapula not require much intervention?

A

As the tone of the muscles holds the pieces in place for healing to occur

45
Q

What muscle is involved in winging of the scapula?

A

The serratus anterior

46
Q

Where does the serratus anterior muscle originate from?

A

Ribs 2-8

47
Q

What does the serratus anterior attach too?

A

The costal surface of the scapula, pulling it against the rib cage

48
Q

What innervates the serratus anterior?

A

The long thoracic nerve

49
Q

What happens if the long thoracic nerve gets damaged?

A

The scapula protrudes out of the back when pushing with the arm

50
Q

How can the long thoracic nerve become damaged?

A

By trauma to the shoulder, repetitive movements involving the shoulder, or by structures becoming inflamed and pressing on the nerve

ESA 2- Musculoskeletal System (69 decks)

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