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ESA 2- Musculoskeletal System > Extrinsic Muscles of the Shoudler > Flashcards

Extrinsic Muscles of the Shoudler Flashcards

1
Q

What are the muscles of the shoulder associated with?

A

Movements of the upper limb

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2
Q

What do the muscles of the shoulder produce?

A

The characteristic shape of the shoulder

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3
Q

What can the muscles of the shoulder be divided into?

A

Extrinsic

Intrinsic

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4
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the shoulder?

A

Those that originate from the torso, and attach to the bones of the shoulder (clavicle, scapula or humerus)

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5
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the shoulder?

A

Those that originate form the scapula and/or clavicle, and attach to the humerus

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6
Q

Where are the extrinsic shoulder muscles located?

A

In the back

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7
Q

What are the extrinsic shoulder muscles organised into?

A

A superficial and deep layer

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8
Q

What are the superficial extrinsic shoulder muscles?

A

Trapezius

Latissimus dorsi

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9
Q

What is the most superficial of all the back muscles?

A

The trapezius

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10
Q

What shape is the trapezius?

A

Broad, flat, triangular

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11
Q

What do the muscles on each side of the trapezius form?

A

A trapezoid shape

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12
Q

What is the innervation of the trapezius?

A

Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

C3, C4 spinal fibres

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13
Q

What is the function of the spinal accessory nerve on the trapezius?

A

Motor functions

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14
Q

What is the function of the C3 and C4 spinal nerves on the trapezius?

A

Pain reception and proprioception

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15
Q

What is the arterial supply of the trapezius?

A

Transverse cervical artery

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16
Q

What is the action of the trapezius?

A

Descending part elevates and rotates during abduction of arm
Ascending part depresses
Middle part (or all parts together) retracts scapula
Descending and ascending parts together rotate glenoid cavity superiorly

17
Q

What is the most common cause of accessory nerve damage?

A

Iatrogenic

18
Q

What is meant by iatrogenic?

A

Due to a medical procedure

19
Q

What medical procedure in particular can cause trauma to the accessory nerve?

A

Operations such as cervical lymph node biopsy or cannulation of the internal jugular vein

20
Q

How is the accessory nerve tested?

A

Trapezius function can be assessed

21
Q

How can trapezius function be assessed?

A

By asking the patient to shrug his/her shoulders

22
Q

What are the other clinical features of accessory nerve damage?

A

Muscle wasting
Partial paralysis of sternocleidomastoid
Asymmetrical neckline

23
Q

What happens to the fibres of the latissimus dorsi?

A

They converge into a tendon

24
Q

What is the innervation of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8)

25
Q

What is the arterial supply of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal artery

26
Q

What is the action of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the humerus

Raises body towards arm during climbing

27
Q

What are the deep extrinsic muscles of the shoulder?

A

The levator scapulae
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major

28
Q

Where are the deep extrinsic muscles of the shoulder?

A

In the upper back, under the trapezius

29
Q

What shape is the levator scapulae?

A

Small, strap-like

30
Q

What is the innervation of the levator scapulae?

A 
Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)
 Cervical nerve (C3, C4)
31
Q

What is the arterial supply of the levator scapulae?

A

Transverse cervical artery and ascending cervical artery

32
Q

What is the action of the levator scapulae?

A

Elevates scapula and rotates its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula

33
Q

Where is the rhomboid minor situated relative to the rhomboid major?

A

Superiorly

34
Q

What is the innervation of the rhomboid muscles?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)

35
Q

What is the action of the rhomboid muscles?

A

Retract scapula and rotate its glenoid cavity inferiorly

Fix scapula to thoracic wall

36
Q

Draw a diagram illustrating the extrinsic muscle of the shoulder

A

Answer…

ESA 2- Musculoskeletal System (69 decks)

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