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ESA 2- Musculoskeletal System > Arteries of the Lower Limb > Flashcards

Arteries of the Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main artery of the lower limb?

A

The femoral artery

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2
Q

What is the femoral artery a continuation of?

A

The external iliac artery

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3
Q

What is the external iliac artery?

A

The terminal branch of the abdominal aorta

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4
Q

When does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery?

A

When it crosses under the inguinal ligament and enters the femoral triangle

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5
Q

What arises from the femoral artery in the femoral triangle?

A

The profunda femoris artery

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6
Q

Where does the profunda femoris artery arise from?

A

The posterolateral aspect of the femoral artery

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7
Q

Where does the profunda femoris artery travel?

A

Posteriorly and distally

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8
Q

What does the profunda femoris artery give off?

A

Three main branches, perforating branches, the lateral femoral circumflex artery, and the medial femoral circumflex artery

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9
Q

What do the perforating branches of the profunda femoris artery consist of?

A

Three or four arteries that perforate the adductor magnus

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10
Q

What do the perforating branches of the profunda femoris artery contribute?

A

The supply of the muscles in the medial and posterior thigh

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11
Q

What course does the lateral femoral circumflex artery take?

A

Wraps around the anterior, lateral side of the femur

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12
Q

What does the lateral femoral circumflex artery supply?

A

Some of the muscles in the lateral side of the thigh

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13
Q

What course does the medial femoral circumflex artery take?

A

Wraps around the posterior side of the femur

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14
Q

What does the medial femoral circumflex artery supply?

A

The neck and head of the femur

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15
Q

What happens in a fracture of the femoral neck?

A

The medial femoral circumflex artery can easily be damaged, and avascular necrosis of the femur head can occur

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16
Q

What happens to the femoral artery after exiting the femoral triangle?

A

It continues down the anterior surface of the thigh

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17
Q

How does the femoral artery continue down the thigh?

A

Via a tunnel known as the adductor canal

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18
Q

What does the femoral artery do during its descent?

A

Supplies the anterior thigh muscles

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19
Q

Where does the adductor canal end?

A

At an opening in the adductor magnus, called the adductor hiatus

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20
Q

What happens as the femoral artery moves through the adductor hiatus?

A

It enters the posterior compartment of the thigh, proximal to the knee

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21
Q

What does the femoral artery become once it’s going through the adductor hiatus?

A

The popliteal artery

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22
Q

Where is the femoral artery located within the femoral triangle?

A

Superficially

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23
Q

What is the result of the femoral artery being located superficially within the femoral triangle?

A

It is easy to access, and therefore suitable for a range of clinical procedures

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24
Q

Give two procedures that the femoral artery can be used for

A

Coronary artery angiography

Drawing arterial blood gases

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25
Q

What happens in a coronary artery angiography?

A

The femoral artery is catheterised with a long, thin tube. The tube is navigated up the external iliac artery, common iliac artery, aorta, and into the coronary vessels. A radioactive dye in then ejected into the coronary vessels, and any wall thickening or blockages can be visualised via x-ray imaging

26
Q

What does the obturator artery arise from?

A

The internal iliac artery in the pelvic region

27
Q

What course does the obturator artery take?

A

It descends via the obturator canal to enter the medial thigh, and then bifurcates

28
Q

What branches arise from the bifurcation of the obturator artery?

A

Anterior branch

Posterior branch

29
Q

What does the anterior branch of the obturator artery supply?

A

The pectineus, obturator externus, adductor muscles and gracilis

30
Q

What does the posterior branch of the obturator artery supply?

A

Some of the deep gluteal muscles

31
Q

What is the gluteal region largely supplied by?

A

The superior and inferior gluteal arteries

32
Q

What to the gluteal arteries arise from?

A

The internal iliac artery

33
Q

How do the gluteal arteries enter the gluteal region?

A

Via the greater sciatic foramen

34
Q

Where does the gluteal arteries leave the greater sciatic foramen?

A

The superior, above the piriformis muscle

The inferior below it

35
Q

What does the inferior gluteal artery contribute towards?

A

The vasculature of the posterior thigh

36
Q

Where does the popliteal artery descend?

A

Down the posterior thigh

37
Q

What does the popliteal artery do as it descends down the posterior thigh?

A

It gives off genicular branches that supply the knee joint

38
Q

How does the popliteal artery exit the popliteal fossa?

A

Sandwiched between the gastrocnemius and popliteus muscles

39
Q

Where does the popliteal artery terminate?

A

At the lower border of the popliteus muscle

40
Q

How does the popliteal artery terminate?

A

By dividing into anterior and posterior tibial arteries

41
Q

What course does the posterior tibial artery take?

A

It continues inferiorly, along the surface of the deep muscles (such as tibialis posterior). It then accompanies the tibial nerve in entering the sole of the foot via the tarsal tunnel.

42
Q

What happens during descent of the posterior tibial artery down the leg?

A

The fibular artery arises

43
Q

What course does the fibular artery take?

A

It moves laterally, penetrating the lateral compartment of the leg

44
Q

What does the fibular artery supply?

A

Muscles in the lateral compartment, and adjacent muscles in the posterior compartment

45
Q

What course does the anterior tibial artery take?

A

It passes anteriorly between the tibia and fibula, through a gap in the interosseous membrane. It then moves inferiorly down the leg. It runs down the entire length into the leg, and into the foot

46
Q

What does the anterior tibial artery become in the foot?

A

The dorsalis pedis artery

47
Q

How is arterial supply to the foot delivered?

A

Dorsalis pedis

Posterior tibial

48
Q

Where does the dorsalis pedis artery begin?

A

As the anterior tibial artery enters the foot

49
Q

What course does the dorsalis pedis artery take?

A

It passes over the dorsal aspect of the tarsal bones, then moves inferiorly, towards the sole of the foot.

50
Q

What does the dorsalis pedis artery anastomose with?

A

The lateral plantar artery

51
Q

What is formed when the dorsalis pedis artery anastomoses with the lateral plantar artery?

A

It forms the deep plantar arch

52
Q

What does the dorsalis pedis artery supply?

A

The tarsal bones and the dorsal aspect of the metatarsals

Via the deep plantar arch, it also contributes to the supply of the toes

53
Q

How does the posterior tibial artery enter sole of the foot?

A

Through the tarsal tunnel

54
Q

What does the posterior tibial artery do once it’s entered the foot?

A

It splits into the lateral and medial plantar arteries

55
Q

What do the lateral and medial plantar arteries supply?

A

The plantar side of the foot

Contributes to the supply of the toes via the deep plantar arch

56
Q

What are the three main pulse points in the lower limb?

A

Femoral
Popliteal
Dorsalis pedis

57
Q

Where the femoral pulse be palpated?

A

As it enters the femoral triangle, midway between the anterior superior iliac spine of the pelvis, and the pubis symphesis

58
Q

Where does the popliteal artery pulse lie?

A

Deep in the popliteal fossa

59
Q

What does palpation of the popliteal pulse require?

A

Deep palpation

60
Q

How can palpation of the popliteal pulse be made easier?

A

Ask the patient to slightly flex their leg, which relaxes the fascia around the popliteal fossa

61
Q

How is the dorsalis pedis pulse found?

A

By palpated on the dorsum of the foot, just lateral to the extensor hallucis longus tendon

ESA 2- Musculoskeletal System (69 decks)

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