Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ESA 2- Musculoskeletal System > Shoulder Joint > Flashcards

Shoulder Joint Flashcards

1
Q

What is the shoulder joint also known as?

A

The glenohumeral joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What kind of joint is the shoulder joint?

A

Ball and socket

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the shoulder joint between?

A

The scapula and the humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the shoulder joint do?

A

It is the major joint connecting the upper limb to the trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does the mobility of the shoulder joint compare to the rest of the body?

A

It is one of the most mobile joints in the human body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the compromise for the mobility of the shoulder joint?

A

Less stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the shoulder joint formed by?

A

The articulation of the head of the humerus with the glenoid cavity of the scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the articulating surfaces of the shoulder joints covered with?

A

Hyaline cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What gives rise to the shoulder joints inherent instability?

A

The head of the humerus is much larger than the glenoid fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is the disproportion of the articulating surfaces of the shoulder joint reduced?

A

The glenoid fossa is deepened by a fibrocartilage rim, called the glenoid labrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the joint capsule of the shoulder joint?

A

A fibrous sheath which encloses the structures of the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the joint capsule of the shoulder joint extend?

A

From the anatomical neck of the humerus to the border of the glenoid fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the result of the joint capsule of the shoulder being lax?

A

It permits greater mobility, particularly abduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the synovial membrane of the shoulders joint capsule line?

A

The inner surface of the joint capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the synovial membrane of the shoulders joint capsule produce?

A

Synovial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why does the synovial membrane of the shoulders joint capsule produce synovial fluid?

A

To reduce friction between the articular surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is friction in the shoulder joint reduced?

A

By the presence of several synovial bursae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a bursa?

A

A synovial fluid filled sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What do bursa act as?

A

Cushions between tendons and other joint structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the clinically important bursa in the shoulder joint?

A

Subacromial

Subscapular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where is the subacromial bursa located?

A

Inferiorly to the deltoid and acromion

Superiorly to the supraspinatus tendon and the joint capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does the subacromial bursa do?

A

Supports the deltoid and supraspinatus muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What can inflammation in the subacromial bursa lead to?

A

Several shoulder problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where is the subscapular bursa located?

A

Between the subscapularis tendon and the scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the function of the subscapular bursa?

A

Reduces wear and tear on the tendon during movement at the shoulder joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the purpose of the ligaments in the shoulder joint?

A

They play a key role in stabilising the bony structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the majority of the ligaments in the shoulder?

A

Thickenings of the joint capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the ligaments of the shoulder joint?

A

Glenohumeral ligaments (superior, middle and inferior)
Coroacohumeral ligament
Transverse humeral ligament
Coracoacromial ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What does the glenohumeral ligament consist of?

A

Three bands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Where do the glenohumeral ligaments run?

A

With the joint capsule, from the glenoid fossa to the anatomical neck of the humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What do the glenohumeral ligaments act to do?

A

Stabilise the anterior aspect of the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What does the coracohumeral ligament attach?

A

The base of the coracoid process to the greater tubercle of the humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What does the coroacohumeral ligament act to do?

A

Support the superior part of the joint capsule

34
Q

Where is the transverse humeral ligament?

A

It spans the distance between the two tubercles of the humerus

35
Q

What does the transverse humeral ligament act to do?

A

Hold the tendon of the long head of the biceps in the intertubecular groove

36
Q

How is the coracoacromial ligament unlike the other ligaments of the shoulder joint?

A

It is not a thickening of the joint capsule

37
Q

Where does the coracoacromial ligament run?

A

Between the acromion and coracoid process of the scapula

38
Q

What does the coracoacromial ligament form?

A

The coraco-acromial arch

39
Q

What does the coraco-acromial arch overlie?

A

The shoulder joint

40
Q

What is the purpose of the coraco-acromial arch?

A

It prevents superior displacement of the humeral head

41
Q

What is the arterial supply to the shoulder joint via?

A

The anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries, and the suprascapular artery.
Branches from these arteries form an anastomotic network around the joint

42
Q

How is the shoulder joint innervated?

A

By the axillary, suprascapular and lateral pectoral nerves

43
Q

What are the nerves that supply the shoulder joint derived from?

A

Roots C5 and C6 of the brachial plexus

44
Q

What is the result of the innervation of the shoulder joint being from the brachial plexus?

A

A upper brachial plexus injury will affect shoulder joint function

45
Q

What is an upper brachial plexus injury called?

A

Erb’s palsy

46
Q

What is the result of the shoulder being a ball-and-socket type joint?

A

A wide range of movement is permitted

47
Q

What movements does the shoulder joint permit?

A

Extension (upper limb backward in sagittal plane)
Flexion (upper limb forwards in sagittal plane)
Abduction (upper limb away from midline in coronal plane)
Adduction (upper limb towards the midline in coronal plane)
Medial rotation (rotation towards the midline, so the thumb is pointing medially)
Lateral rotation (rotation away from the midline, so the thumb is pointing laterally)

48
Q

What is extension at the shoulder joint produced by?

A

The posterior deltoid, latissimus dorsi and teres major

49
Q

What is flexion at the shoulder joint produced by?

A

The biceps brachii (both heads), pectoralis major, anterior deltoid and coracobrachialis

50
Q

How is abduction at the shoulder joint produced?

A

The first 0-15 degrees of abduction is produced by the supraspinatus
The middle fibres of the deltoid are responsible for the next 15-90 degrees
Past 90 degrees, the scapula needs to be rotated to achieve abduction, which is carried out by the trapezius and serratus anterior

51
Q

What produces adduction at the shoulder joint?

A

Contraction of the pectoralis major, lattissimus dorsi and teres major

52
Q

How is adduction at the shoulder joint produced?

A

By contraction of the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi and teres major

53
Q

How is medial rotation of the shoulder joint produced?

A

By contraction of the subscapularis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major and anterior deltoid

54
Q

How is lateral rotation of the shoulder joint produced?

A

Contraction of the infraspinatus and teres minor

55
Q

What factors contribute to the mobility of the shoulder joint?

A

Type of joint- ball and socket
Bony surfaces
Laxity of joint capsule

56
Q

What bony surfaces contribute to the mobility of the shoulder joint?

A

Shallow glenoid cavity and large humeral head- there is a 1:4 disproportion in surfaces

57
Q

What factors contribute to the stability of the shoulder joint?

A

Rotator cuff muscles
Glenoid labrum
Ligaments

58
Q

What do the rotator cuff muscles do?

A

Surround the shoulder joint, attaching to the tubercles of the humerus, whilst also fusing with the joint capsule

59
Q

How do the rotator cuff muscles act to stabilise the shoulder joint?

A

The resting tone of the muscles act to ‘pull’ the humeral head into the glenoid cavity

60
Q

What is the glenoid labrum?

A

A fibrocartilaginous ridge surrounding the glenoid cavity

61
Q

What does the glenoid labrum do?

A

Deepens the cavity, reducing the dislocation

62
Q

What do the ligaments of the shoulder act to do?

A

Reinforce the joint capsule

Form the coraco-acromial arch

63
Q

Clinically, what are dislocations at the shoulder described by?

A

Where the humeral head lies in relation to the infraglenoid tubercle

64
Q

What are the most prevalent shoulder dislocations?

A

Anterior dislocations, although posterior dislocations can sometimes occur

65
Q

What prevents superior movement of the humeral head?

A

The coraco-acromial arch

66
Q

What is an anterior shoulder dislocation usually caused by?

A

Excessive extension and lateral rotation of the humerus

67
Q

What happens when there is excessive extension and lateral rotation of the humerus?

A

The humeral head is forced anteriorly and inferiorly, into the weakest part of the joint capsule.

68
Q

What is tearing of the joint capsule associated with?

A

An increased risk of future dislocations

69
Q

What runs in close proximity to the shoulder joint?

A

The axillary nerve

70
Q

What is the result of the axillary nerve running in close proximity to the shoulder joint?

A

It can be damaged in dislocation

71
Q

What does injury to the axillary nerve cause?

A

Paralysis to the deltoid, and loss of sensation over the regimental badge area

72
Q

Why can a dislocation stretch the radial nerve?

A

As it is tightly bound in the radial groove

73
Q

What is the important role of the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Stabilising the glenohumeral joint

74
Q

How common is injuries of the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Relatively common

75
Q

Why is injury of the rotator cuff muscles relatively common?

A

Because they are often under heavy strain

76
Q

What does tendonitis refer to?

A

Inflammation of the muscle tendons

77
Q

What is tendonitis usually due to?

A

Overuse

78
Q

What does rotator cuff tendonitis cause over time?

A

Degenerative changes in the subacromial bursa, and the supraspinatus tendon

79
Q

What do the changes found in rotator cuff tendonitis lead to?

A

Increased fiction between the structures of the joint

80
Q

What is the characteristic sign of rotator cuff tendonitis?

A

The ‘painful arc’

81
Q

What is the painful arc?

A

Pain in the middle of abduction

82
Q

What causes the painful arc?

A

When the affected area comes into contact with the acromion

ESA 2- Musculoskeletal System (69 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions