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ESA 2- Musculoskeletal System > Muscles of the Hand > Flashcards

Muscles of the Hand Flashcards

1
Q

What can the muscles acting on the hand be divided into?

A

Two groups, extrinsic and intrinsic muscles

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2
Q

Where are the extrinsic hand muscles located?

A

In the anterior and posterior compartment of the forearm

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3
Q

What are the extrinsic hand muscles responsible for?

A

Control crude movements

Produce forceful grip

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4
Q

Where are the intrinsic muscles of the hand located?

A

Within the hand itself

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5
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand responsible for?

A

Fine motor functions of the hand

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6
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand?

A 
Adductor pollicis
 Interossei
 Thenar muscles
 Lumbricals
 Hypothenar muscles
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7
Q

What are the thenar muscles?

A

Three short muscles, the oppens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, and flexor pollicis brevis

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8
Q

Where are the thenar muscles located?

A

At the base of the thumb

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9
Q

What do the muscle bellies of the thenar muscles produce?

A

A bulge, known as the thenar eminence

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10
Q

What are the thenar muscles responsible for?

A

The fine movements of the thumb

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11
Q

What innervates the thenar muscles?

A

The median nerve

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12
Q

What is the largest of the thenar muscles?

A

Opponens Pollicis

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13
Q

Where does the oppenens pollicis lie?

A

Underneath the other two thenar muscles

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14
Q

What is the innervation of the opponens pollicis?

A

Recurrent branch of the median nerve (C8, T1)

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15
Q

What is the arterial supply of the opponens pollicis?

A

Superficial palmar branch of radial artery

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16
Q

What is the action of the opponens pollicis?

A

To oppose thumb, it draws 1st metacarpal medially to centre or palm and rotates it medially

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17
Q

Where is the abductor pollicis brevis found?

A

Anteriorly to the opponens pollicis, and proximal to the flexor pollicis brevis

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18
Q

What is the innervation of the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Recurrent branch of medial nerve (C8, T1)

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19
Q

What is the arterial supply of the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Superficial palmar branch of radial artery

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20
Q

What is the main action of the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Abducts thumb, helps oppose it

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21
Q

Where is the flexor pollicis brevis found?

A

The most distal of the thenar muscles

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22
Q

What does theflexor pollicis brevis have?

A

Superficial head and deep head

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23
Q

What is the innervation of the superficial head of theflexor pollicis brevis?

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1)

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24
Q

What is the innervation of the deep head of theflexor pollicis brevis?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

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25
What is the arterial supply of the flexor pollicis brevis?
Superficial palmar branch of radial artery
26
What is the main action of the flexor pollicis brevis?
Flexes thumb
27
What do the hypothenar muscles produce?
The hypothenar eminence
28
What is the hypothenar eminence?
A muscular protrusion on the medial side of the palm, at the base of the little finger
29
What are the hypothenar muscles?
Abductor digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi brevis  Opponens digiti minimi
30
Where does the opponens digiti minimi lie?
Deep to the other hypothenar muscles
31
What is the innervation of the opponens digiti minimi?
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
32
What is the arterial supply of the opponens digiti minimi?
Ulnar artery
33
What is the main action of the opponens digiti minimi?
Draws the 5th metacarpal anterior and rotates it, bringing 5th digit into opposition with thumb
34
Where does the abductor digiti minimi lie?
Most superficial of hypothenar muscles
35
What is the innervation of the abductor digiti minimi?
Deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
36
What is the arterial supply of the abductor digiti minimi?
Ulnar artery
37
What is the main action of the abductor digiti minimi?
Abducts 5th digit, assists in flexion of its proximal phalanx
38
Where does the flexor digiti minimi brevis lie?
Laterally to the abductor digiti minimi
39
What is the innervation of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
40
What is the arterial supply of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?
Ulnar artery
41
What is the main action of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?
Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit
42
How many lumbricals are there in the hand?
Four, one associated with each finger
43
What do the lumbricals do?
Link the extensor tendons to the flexor tendons
44
What is denervation of the lumbricals the basis of?
The ulnar claw and hand of benediction
45
What kind of muscles are the 1st and 2nd lumbricals?
Unipennate
46
What kind of muscles are the 3rd and 4th lumbricals?
Bipennate
47
What the the innervation of the 1st and 2nd lumbricals?
Median nerve (C8, T1)
48
What is the innervation of the 3rd and 4th lumbricals?
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
49
What is the arterial supply of the lumbricals?
Superficial palmar arterial arch
50
What is the main action of the lumbricals?
Flex metacarpophalangeal joints  | Extend interphalangeal joints of 2nd-5th digits
51
Where are the interossei muscles located?
Between the metacarpals
52
What can the interossei muscles be divided into?
Two groups, the dorsal and palmar interossei
53
How many dorsal interossei muscles are there?
4
54
What kind of muscles are the dorsal interossei?
Bipennate
55
What is the innervation of the dorsal interossei?
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
56
What is the arterial supply of the dorsal interossei?
Palmar metacarpal arteries  | Dorsal metacarpal arteries
57
What is the main action of the dorsal interossei?
Abduct 2nd-4th digits from axial line  | Act with lumbricals in flexing the metacarpophalangeal joints, and extending the interphalangeal joints
58
Where are the palmar interossei muscles located?
Anteriorly on the hand
59
How many palmar interossei are there?
3
60
What kind of muscles are the palmar interossei?
Unipennate
61
What is the innervation of the palmar interossei?
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
62
What is the arterial supply of the palmar interossei?
Palmar metacarpal arteries
63
What is the main action of the palmar interossei?
Adduct 2nd, 4th and 5th digits toward axial line  Assist lumbricals in flexing metacarpophalangeal joints and extending interphalangeal joints  Extensor expansions of 2nd-4th joints
64
What is the palmaris brevis?
A small, thin muscle
65
Where is the palmaris brevis found?
Very superficially in the subcutaneous tissue of the hypothenar eminence
66
What is the innervation of the palmaris brevis?
Ulnar nerve
67
What are the actions of the palmaris brevis?
Wrinkles the skin of the hypothenar eminence and deepens the curvature of the hand, improving grip
68
What shape is the adductor pollicis?
Large, triangular
69
What does the adductor pollicis have?
Two heads, oblique and transverse
70
How is the adductor pollicis involved in forming the deep palmar arch?
The radial artery passes anteriorly through the space between the two heads, forming the arch
71
What is the innervation of the adductor pollicis?
Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)
72
What is the arterial supply of the adductor pollicis?
Deep palmar arterial arch
73
What is the main action of the adductor pollicis?
Adducts thumb toward lateral border of palm

ESA 2- Musculoskeletal System (69 decks)

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