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ESA 2- Musculoskeletal System > Muscles of the Hand > Flashcards

Muscles of the Hand Flashcards

1
Q

What can the muscles acting on the hand be divided into?

A

Two groups, extrinsic and intrinsic muscles

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2
Q

Where are the extrinsic hand muscles located?

A

In the anterior and posterior compartment of the forearm

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3
Q

What are the extrinsic hand muscles responsible for?

A

Control crude movements

Produce forceful grip

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4
Q

Where are the intrinsic muscles of the hand located?

A

Within the hand itself

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5
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand responsible for?

A

Fine motor functions of the hand

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6
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the hand?

A 
Adductor pollicis
 Interossei
 Thenar muscles
 Lumbricals
 Hypothenar muscles
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7
Q

What are the thenar muscles?

A

Three short muscles, the oppens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, and flexor pollicis brevis

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8
Q

Where are the thenar muscles located?

A

At the base of the thumb

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9
Q

What do the muscle bellies of the thenar muscles produce?

A

A bulge, known as the thenar eminence

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10
Q

What are the thenar muscles responsible for?

A

The fine movements of the thumb

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11
Q

What innervates the thenar muscles?

A

The median nerve

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12
Q

What is the largest of the thenar muscles?

A

Opponens Pollicis

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13
Q

Where does the oppenens pollicis lie?

A

Underneath the other two thenar muscles

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14
Q

What is the innervation of the opponens pollicis?

A

Recurrent branch of the median nerve (C8, T1)

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15
Q

What is the arterial supply of the opponens pollicis?

A

Superficial palmar branch of radial artery

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16
Q

What is the action of the opponens pollicis?

A

To oppose thumb, it draws 1st metacarpal medially to centre or palm and rotates it medially

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17
Q

Where is the abductor pollicis brevis found?

A

Anteriorly to the opponens pollicis, and proximal to the flexor pollicis brevis

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18
Q

What is the innervation of the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Recurrent branch of medial nerve (C8, T1)

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19
Q

What is the arterial supply of the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Superficial palmar branch of radial artery

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20
Q

What is the main action of the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Abducts thumb, helps oppose it

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21
Q

Where is the flexor pollicis brevis found?

A

The most distal of the thenar muscles

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22
Q

What does theflexor pollicis brevis have?

A

Superficial head and deep head

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23
Q

What is the innervation of the superficial head of theflexor pollicis brevis?

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve (C8, T1)

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24
Q

What is the innervation of the deep head of theflexor pollicis brevis?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

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25
Q

What is the arterial supply of theflexor pollicis brevis?

A

Superficial palmar branch of radial artery

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26
Q

What is the main action of theflexor pollicis brevis?

A

Flexes thumb

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27
Q

What do the hypothenar muscles produce?

A

The hypothenar eminence

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28
Q

What is the hypothenar eminence?

A

A muscular protrusion on the medial side of the palm, at the base of the little finger

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29
Q

What are the hypothenar muscles?

A

Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Opponens digiti minimi

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30
Q

Where does the opponens digiti minimi lie?

A

Deep to the other hypothenar muscles

31
Q

What is the innervation of the opponens digiti minimi?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

32
Q

What is the arterial supply of the opponens digiti minimi?

A

Ulnar artery

33
Q

What is the main action of the opponens digiti minimi?

A

Draws the 5th metacarpal anterior and rotates it, bringing 5th digit into opposition with thumb

34
Q

Where does the abductor digiti minimi lie?

A

Most superficial of hypothenar muscles

35
Q

What is the innervation of the abductor digiti minimi?

A

Deep branch of the ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

36
Q

What is the arterial supply of the abductor digiti minimi?

A

Ulnar artery

37
Q

What is the main action of the abductor digiti minimi?

A

Abducts 5th digit, assists in flexion of its proximal phalanx

38
Q

Where does the flexor digiti minimi brevis lie?

A

Laterally to the abductor digiti minimi

39
Q

What is the innervation of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

40
Q

What is the arterial supply of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Ulnar artery

41
Q

What is the main action of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit

42
Q

How many lumbricals are there in the hand?

A

Four, one associated with each finger

43
Q

What do the lumbricals do?

A

Link the extensor tendons to the flexor tendons

44
Q

What is denervation of the lumbricals the basis of?

A

The ulnar claw and hand of benediction

45
Q

What kind of muscles are the 1st and 2nd lumbricals?

A

Unipennate

46
Q

What kind of muscles are the 3rd and 4th lumbricals?

47
Q

What the the innervation of the 1st and 2nd lumbricals?

A

Median nerve (C8, T1)

48
Q

What is the innervation of the 3rd and 4th lumbricals?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

49
Q

What is the arterial supply of the lumbricals?

A

Superficial palmar arterial arch

50
Q

What is the main action of the lumbricals?

A

Flex metacarpophalangeal joints

Extend interphalangeal joints of 2nd-5th digits

51
Q

Where are the interossei muscles located?

A

Between the metacarpals

52
Q

What can the interossei muscles be divided into?

A

Two groups, the dorsal and palmar interossei

53
Q

How many dorsal interossei muscles are there?

54
Q

What kind of muscles are the dorsal interossei?

55
Q

What is the innervation of the dorsal interossei?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

56
Q

What is the arterial supply of the dorsal interossei?

A

Palmar metacarpal arteries

Dorsal metacarpal arteries

57
Q

What is the main action of the dorsal interossei?

A

Abduct 2nd-4th digits from axial line

Act with lumbricals in flexing the metacarpophalangeal joints, and extending the interphalangeal joints

58
Q

Where are the palmar interossei muscles located?

A

Anteriorly on the hand

59
Q

How many palmar interossei are there?

60
Q

What kind of muscles are the palmar interossei?

A

Unipennate

61
Q

What is the innervation of the palmar interossei?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

62
Q

What is the arterial supply of the palmar interossei?

A

Palmar metacarpal arteries

63
Q

What is the main action of the palmar interossei?

A

Adduct 2nd, 4th and 5th digits toward axial line
Assist lumbricals in flexing metacarpophalangeal joints and extending interphalangeal joints
Extensor expansions of 2nd-4th joints

64
Q

What is the palmaris brevis?

A

A small, thin muscle

65
Q

Where is the palmaris brevis found?

A

Very superficially in the subcutaneous tissue of the hypothenar eminence

66
Q

What is the innervation of the palmaris brevis?

A

Ulnar nerve

67
Q

What are the actions of the palmaris brevis?

A

Wrinkles the skin of the hypothenar eminence and deepens the curvature of the hand, improving grip

68
Q

What shape is the adductor pollicis?

A

Large, triangular

69
Q

What does the adductor pollicis have?

A

Two heads, oblique and transverse

70
Q

How is the adductor pollicis involved in forming the deep palmar arch?

A

The radial artery passes anteriorly through the space between the two heads, forming the arch

71
Q

What is the innervation of the adductor pollicis?

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

72
Q

What is the arterial supply of the adductor pollicis?

A

Deep palmar arterial arch

73
Q

What is the main action of the adductor pollicis?

A

Adducts thumb toward lateral border of palm

ESA 2- Musculoskeletal System (69 decks)

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