u3 aos2 dp11 Flashcards
retrieval cues
any stimuli that assists the process of locating and retrieving info stored in LTM
retrieval failure theory
sometimes forget because we lack the correct cues
context dependant cues
environmental (external) cues in the context the memory was formed
state dependant cues
individual psychological or physiological state at the time memory was formed
maintenance rehearsal
used to increase duration of STM by repeating info
advantages of maintenance rehearsal
- allows info to be stored in Stm longer than 18-20 sec
- good for meaningless info
limitations of maintenance rehearsal
- easily interrupted by sensory or LTM
- does not add to understanding
- restrincts entry of new info into STM
- limited effectiveness in transferring to LTM
elaborative rehearsal
linking new info with info already in LTM in a meaningful way to increase chance of transfer and retrieval from LTM
advantages of elaborative rehearsal
- increases understanding (deep thinking)
- increases retrieval chances
- increases LT retention
limitations of elaborative rehearsal
- takes longer than maintenance rehearsal
- difficult when STM is constantly changing
- relies on retrieving into from LTM
- requires more conscious effort
serial position effect
tendency to remember items from the beginning and end of a list and forget items in the middle
primacy effect
superior recall of words at beginning of the list compared to the middle. due to LTM
recency effect
superior recall of words at the end of list compared to the middle. due to STM
SPE without delay
starts at 70%, ends at 90% and 20% in middle
start is due to LTM
end is due to STM
middle is due to not enough time past to be in LTM but too long to be in STM
SPE with delay
start and middle not effected by recency effect is eliminated and reain at 20%
