u3 - aos1 dp8

Question 1

lazarus and folkman’s transactional model of stress

Answer 1

emphasises mental processing (perception and assessment)
twor key factors
1. primary appraisal
2. secondary appraisal
when there is an imbalance, experience stress response

Question 2

primary appraisal

Answer 2

individuals assessment of significants
irrelevant, benign- positive or stressful - if stressful assess as:
1. harm/ loss - assess damage already done
2. threat - assess possible harm in future
3. challenge - assess opportunity for a possitive outcome

Question 3

secondary appraisal

Answer 3

judgment about their ability to cope
assess if coping strategies as adequate or inadequate

Question 4

strengths of transactional model

Answer 4

• focuses on a psychological response (not just involuntary physiological)
• the emphasis of personal nature
• individual has active not passive role
• human participants

Question 5

limitations of transactional model

Answer 5

• difficult to test through experiments due to subjectivity
• less emphasis on physiological factors
• does not include culture, social or environmental factors

Question 6

coping

Answer 6

process of constantly changing cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage specific internal and external stressors that are appraised as exceeding the resources of the person.
- problem-focused coping
- emotion-focused coping

Question 7

problem focused coping

Answer 7

seeks to manage or change the cause of the stress
aimed at reducing effects or adapting to impacts
- examine stressor from new perspective
- obtain more information
- change what is changable
- learn skills to manage stressor

Question 8

emotion focused coping

Answer 8

deal with emotional response to stressor, decreasing emotional component
does not address the stressor
- denia
- avoidance
- wishful thinking
- venting
- covering with alcohol or drugs