u3 aos2 dp10

Question 1

brain trauma

Answer 1

any brain injury acquired after birth that impairs normal functioning of the brain

Question 2

neurodegenerative disease

Answer 2

disorder characterised by the progressive decline in structure, activity, and function of the brain tissue

Question 3

amnesia

Answer 3

memory loss that is consistent with ordinary forgetting
- retrograde amnesia
- anterograde amnesia

Question 4

retrograde amnesia

Answer 4

• memory loss preceding brain trauma
• cannot access existing LTM but can form new
• more distant memories are recalled first

Question 5

anterograde amnesia

Answer 5

• memory loss following brain trauma
• cannot encode or store new LTM (explicit) but can access old ones
• STM tends to remain intact
• new info is processed but is then forgotten
• no problem forming implicit memories
• (evidence that they are independant)

Question 6

brain surgery (hippocampus)

Answer 6

• consolidation of explicit memories
• STM still functional
• evidence that STM and LTM are independent and that the hippocampus is not involved in STM
• not involve procedural memories

Question 7

right/ left hippocampus

Answer 7

right
- difficulty with spacial memory and learning
left
- difficulty with verbal memory and learning

Question 8

brain surgery (amygdala)

Answer 8

• no ST procedural or semantic loss
• effects ST episodic and classically conditioned fear response

Question 9

brain surgery (cerebral cortex)

Answer 9

frontal lobe
- left- recall verbal material and encode episodic memories
- right - retrieving episodic memories
prefrontal cortex
- sequence
- attention
- retrieval
temporal lobe
- explicit memory consolidation and retrieval
- spacial awareness
parietal lobe
- attention
- right - spacial

Question 10

brain surgery (cerebellum)

Answer 10

• simple classically conditioned motor responses
• spacial

Question 11

alzheimer’s disease

Answer 11

• dementia
• degenerative disease
• progressive and persistent

Question 12

Alzheimer’s and brain

Answer 12

• brain tissue shrinks
• prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
• amyloid plaques
• neurofibrillary tangles

Question 13

amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles

Answer 13

amyloid plaques - inhibit between neuron communication
- build up of protein beta amyloid (outside and around cell)
neurogibillary tangles - inhibit within neuron transmission
- build up of protein tau (within cell)
plaques and tangles are a build up of the naturally occurring proteins to form insoluble fragments.

Question 14

specific memory loss of Alzheimers

Answer 14

• STM
• then LTM
• explicit memories
• implicit memories remain intact (some decline)
• both anterograde and retrograde