Tumor immunology and Immunodeficiency

Question 1

Study of the relationship between the immune system and cancer cells

Answer 1

Tumor Immunology

Question 2

Physiologic cell death

Answer 2

Apoptosis

Question 3

Term for ‘to swell’

Answer 3

Tumor

Question 4

Term for ‘new growth’

Answer 4

Neoplasm

Question 5

Type of tumor that is slow-growing, well-differentiated, and organized

Answer 5

Benign

Question 6

Type of tumor that is disorganized, invasive, and rarely encapsulated

Answer 6

Malignant

Question 7

Ability of tumor cells to spread through the blood to distant sites

Answer 7

Metastasis

Question 8

Term for the invasive property of cancer, resembling crab legs under a microscope

Answer 8

Cancer

Question 9

Cancers derived from skin or epithelial linings of internal organs or glands

Answer 9

Carcinomas

Question 10

Cancers derived from bone or soft tissues such as fat, muscles, tendons, cartilage, nerves, and blood vessels

Answer 10

Sarcomas

Question 11

Biological substances found in increased amounts in the blood or tissues of cancer patients

Answer 11

Tumor Markers

Question 12

Tumor marker associated with hepatic and testicular cancer

Answer 12

AFP

Question 13

Tumor marker associated with lung cancer

Answer 13

ALP

Question 14

Tumor marker associated with breast cancer

Answer 14

CA 15-3

Question 15

Tumor marker associated with ovarian cancer

Answer 15

CA 125

Question 16

Tumor marker associated with colorectal cancer

Answer 16

CEA

Question 17

Tumor marker associated with prostate cancer

Answer 17

PSA

Question 18

Tumor marker associated with urinary bladder cancer

Answer 18

Nuclear Matrix Protein

Question 19

Tumor marker associated with pancreatic cancer

Answer 19

Amylase

Question 20

Tumor marker associated with medullary cancer

Answer 20

Calcitonin

Question 21

Tumor marker associated with hematopoietic malignancies

Answer 21

CD-45

Question 22

Type of leukemia characterized by poorly differentiated precursor cells (blast cells) in bone marrow and blood, commonly seen in children aged 2–5 years

Answer 22

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)

Question 23

Type of ALL characterized by CALLA (CD10)-expressing precursor B-cells

Answer 23

CALLA-expressing precursor B-cell ALL

Question 24

Leukemia of B-cell origin including CLL and SLL

Answer 24

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia or Lymphoma

Question 25

Rare leukemia with bone marrow and spleen infiltration, striking splenomegaly, and hairy cytoplasmic projections

Answer 25

Hairy Cell Leukemia

Question 26

Lymphoma characterized by Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells

Answer 26

Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL)

Question 27

Type of lymphoma more common in men over 60 years of age, with immunosuppression as a significant risk factor

Answer 27

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)

Question 28

Plasma cell malignancy associated with Bence Jones Proteins in blood and urine

Answer 28

Multiple Myeloma

Question 29

Lymphocyte malignancy producing IgM with elevated monoclonal protein behaving as cryoglobulins in some patients

Answer 29

Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia

Question 30

Immunodeficiency characterized by low or absent humoral and cellular capabilities affecting both cellular and humoral immunity

Answer 30

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) (e.g., common gamma chain deficiency, JAK3 deficiency, ADA deficiency, MHC deficiencies, PNP deficiency)

Question 31

Combined immunodeficiency with additional nonimmunologic anomalies such as in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome or ataxia-telangiectasia

Answer 31

Combined immunodeficiencies with associated or syndromic features

Question 32

Predominantly antibody deficiency with decreased immunoglobulin isotypes, such as in Bruton's thymidine kinase (Btk) deficiency

Answer 32

Predominantly antibody deficiencies

Question 33

Immunodeficiency involving loss of T regulatory or controlling mechanisms, as in Chediak-Higashi syndrome

Answer 33

Diseases of immune dysregulation

Question 34

Immunodeficiency marked by a reduction in phagocytic number or function, as seen in chronic granulomatous disease

Answer 34

Congenital defects of phagocyte number, function, or both

Question 35

Defect in innate immunity due to interruption in signaling pathways, such as in TLR3 deficiency

Answer 35

Defects in intrinsic and innate immunity

Question 36

Autoinflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent fevers with or without infections, as in familial Mediterranean fever

Answer 36

Autoinflammatory disorders

Question 37

Immunodeficiency involving loss of specific complement components like C2 or C3

Answer 37

Complement deficiencies

Question 38

Acquired immunodeficiency mimicking PID, such as autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome

Answer 38

Phenocopies of Primary Immunodeficiency (PID)