Tumor immunology and Immunodeficiency Flashcards
Study of the relationship between the immune system and cancer cells
Tumor Immunology
Physiologic cell death
Apoptosis
Term for ‘to swell’
Tumor
Term for ‘new growth’
Neoplasm
Type of tumor that is slow-growing, well-differentiated, and organized
Benign
Type of tumor that is disorganized, invasive, and rarely encapsulated
Malignant
Ability of tumor cells to spread through the blood to distant sites
Metastasis
Term for the invasive property of cancer, resembling crab legs under a microscope
Cancer
Cancers derived from skin or epithelial linings of internal organs or glands
Carcinomas
Cancers derived from bone or soft tissues such as fat, muscles, tendons, cartilage, nerves, and blood vessels
Sarcomas
Biological substances found in increased amounts in the blood or tissues of cancer patients
Tumor Markers
Tumor marker associated with hepatic and testicular cancer
AFP
Tumor marker associated with lung cancer
ALP
Tumor marker associated with breast cancer
CA 15-3
Tumor marker associated with ovarian cancer
CA 125
Tumor marker associated with colorectal cancer
CEA
Tumor marker associated with prostate cancer
PSA
Tumor marker associated with urinary bladder cancer
Nuclear Matrix Protein
Tumor marker associated with pancreatic cancer
Amylase
Tumor marker associated with medullary cancer
Calcitonin
Tumor marker associated with hematopoietic malignancies
CD-45
Type of leukemia characterized by poorly differentiated precursor cells (blast cells) in bone marrow and blood, commonly seen in children aged 2–5 years
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL)
Type of ALL characterized by CALLA (CD10)-expressing precursor B-cells
CALLA-expressing precursor B-cell ALL
Leukemia of B-cell origin including CLL and SLL
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia or Lymphoma
Rare leukemia with bone marrow and spleen infiltration, striking splenomegaly, and hairy cytoplasmic projections
Hairy Cell Leukemia
Lymphoma characterized by Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells
Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL)
Type of lymphoma more common in men over 60 years of age, with immunosuppression as a significant risk factor
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)
Plasma cell malignancy associated with Bence Jones Proteins in blood and urine
Multiple Myeloma
Lymphocyte malignancy producing IgM with elevated monoclonal protein behaving as cryoglobulins in some patients
Waldenström’s Macroglobulinemia
Immunodeficiency characterized by low or absent humoral and cellular capabilities affecting both cellular and humoral immunity
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) (e.g., common gamma chain deficiency, JAK3 deficiency, ADA deficiency, MHC deficiencies, PNP deficiency)
Combined immunodeficiency with additional nonimmunologic anomalies such as in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome or ataxia-telangiectasia
Combined immunodeficiencies with associated or syndromic features
Predominantly antibody deficiency with decreased immunoglobulin isotypes, such as in Bruton’s thymidine kinase (Btk) deficiency
Predominantly antibody deficiencies
Immunodeficiency involving loss of T regulatory or controlling mechanisms, as in Chediak-Higashi syndrome
Diseases of immune dysregulation
Immunodeficiency marked by a reduction in phagocytic number or function, as seen in chronic granulomatous disease
Congenital defects of phagocyte number, function, or both
Defect in innate immunity due to interruption in signaling pathways, such as in TLR3 deficiency
Defects in intrinsic and innate immunity
Autoinflammatory disorder characterized by recurrent fevers with or without infections, as in familial Mediterranean fever
Autoinflammatory disorders
Immunodeficiency involving loss of specific complement components like C2 or C3
Complement deficiencies
Acquired immunodeficiency mimicking PID, such as autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
Phenocopies of Primary Immunodeficiency (PID)
