Autoimmune diseases Flashcards
Conditions where damage results from autoantibody or autoreactive cells
autoimmune diseases
Self-tolerance in the immune system
Ability to accept self-antigen and not initiate a response
General signs of autoimmune diseases
Decreased regulatory cells, increased autoantibody complex, increased antigen-autoantibody complex, increased complement proteins
Types of tolerance
Central (bone marrow, thymus) and Peripheral (spleen, lymph nodes, secondary lymph organs)
Viral or bacterial antigens resembling self-antigens
Molecular mimicry
Molecular mimicry example: Polio virus VP2 resembles
acetylcholine
Molecular mimicry example: Measles virus P3 resembles
myelin basic protein
Molecular mimicry example: Papilloma virus VP2 resembles
insulin receptors
Microorganism-induced inflammatory response activating T cells effect
Bystander effect
Super antigens role in autoimmune diseases
Bind to both MHC Class II and TCRs, regardless of antigen specificity
Characteristic of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Immune complex disease with overproduction of autoantibodies
Key diagnostic feature of SLE
Butterfly rash (Red wolf) on face
Laboratory diagnosis of SLE
Presence of anti-nuclear antibodies and complement proteins (C3)
Le cells seen in SLE
PMN leukocytes with ingested LE bodies in rosette formation
Drugs associated with lupus
Procainamide, Hydralazine, Chlorpromazine, Isoniazid, Quinidine
Targets of antinuclear antibodies
dsDNA, ssDNA, histones, nucleosomes, centromere proteins, extractable nuclear antigens (ENAs)
Most specific antibody for SLE
Double-stranded DNA (ds-DNA) antibodies
Second major antibody found in lupus patients
Anti-histone antibody
Antibody specific for lupus
Anti-SM antibody
Chronic, symmetric, and erosive arthritis of the peripheral joints with a higher prevalence in women
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Specific antibody marker for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide
Group of immunoglobulins interacting with the Fc portion of IgG in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Rheumatoid Factor
Enzyme that generates citrulline by modifying arginine in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Peptidyl arginine deaminase (PAD)
Laboratory tests for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Sheep Cell Agglutination Test, Latex Fixation Test, Sensitized Alligator Erythrocytes Test, Bentonite Flocculation Test
Systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of exocrine glands
Sjögren’s Syndrome
Rare autoimmune disease with excessive fibrosis, vascular abnormalities, and organ involvement
Scleroderma (SSc)
Overlap syndrome involving limited cutaneous SSc with features of SLE, polymyositis, and RA
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD)
Group of diseases with chronic inflammation of skeletal muscles and progressive muscle weakness
Inflammatory Myopathies
Vasculitis affecting upper respiratory tract, lungs, and kidneys; associated with c-ANCA and p-ANCA
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener’s Granulomatosis)
Autoantibodies associated with Hashimoto’s disease
Thyroglobulin, Thyroid microsome, CA2, Thyroid membrane receptors, T3 and T4
Autoantibodies associated with Grave’s disease
Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO), TSH Receptor antibody (TRAb)
Autoantibodies associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)
Insulin autoantibodies (IAA), Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GAD), Islet cell antigen–2 (IA-2)
Autoantibodies associated with Celiac Disease
Anti-tissue transglutaminase, Endomysium (EmA), Deaminated Gliadin peptides
Autoantibodies associated with Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH-1)
Smooth muscle antibodies, Anti-nuclear antibodies
Autoantibodies associated with Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH-2)
Anti-liver kidney microsomal antibody (anti-LKM-1), Anti-liver cytosol type 1 antibody (anti-LC-1)
Autoantibodies associated with Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA)
Autoantibodies associated with Autoimmune Gastritis
Antibody against parietal cells, H+/K+-ATPase proton pump, Cobalamin-absorbing protein
Autoantibodies associated with Pernicious Anemia
Anti-Intrinsic Factor (IF), Anti-parietal cells
Autoantibodies associated with Multiple Sclerosis
Antibodies to myelin basic protein
Autoantibodies associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Deoxyribonuclease-sensitive p-ANCA, Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody, Pancreatic antibody, Anti-outer membrane porin from E. coli
Autoantibodies associated with Myasthenia Gravis
Acetylcholine receptor-binding antibody
Autoantibodies associated with Goodpasture Disease
Anti-basement membrane antibody