Autoimmune diseases

Question 1

Conditions where damage results from autoantibody or autoreactive cells

Answer 1

autoimmune diseases

Question 2

Self-tolerance in the immune system

Answer 2

Ability to accept self-antigen and not initiate a response

Question 3

General signs of autoimmune diseases

Answer 3

Decreased regulatory cells, increased autoantibody complex, increased antigen-autoantibody complex, increased complement proteins

Question 4

Types of tolerance

Answer 4

Central (bone marrow, thymus) and Peripheral (spleen, lymph nodes, secondary lymph organs)

Question 5

Viral or bacterial antigens resembling self-antigens

Answer 5

Molecular mimicry

Question 6

Molecular mimicry example: Polio virus VP2 resembles

Answer 6

acetylcholine

Question 7

Molecular mimicry example: Measles virus P3 resembles

Answer 7

myelin basic protein

Question 8

Molecular mimicry example: Papilloma virus VP2 resembles

Answer 8

insulin receptors

Question 9

Microorganism-induced inflammatory response activating T cells effect

Answer 9

Bystander effect

Question 10

Super antigens role in autoimmune diseases

Answer 10

Bind to both MHC Class II and TCRs, regardless of antigen specificity

Question 11

Characteristic of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Answer 11

Immune complex disease with overproduction of autoantibodies

Question 12

Key diagnostic feature of SLE

Answer 12

Butterfly rash (Red wolf) on face

Question 13

Laboratory diagnosis of SLE

Answer 13

Presence of anti-nuclear antibodies and complement proteins (C3)

Question 14

Le cells seen in SLE

Answer 14

PMN leukocytes with ingested LE bodies in rosette formation

Question 15

Drugs associated with lupus

Answer 15

Procainamide, Hydralazine, Chlorpromazine, Isoniazid, Quinidine

Question 16

Targets of antinuclear antibodies

Answer 16

dsDNA, ssDNA, histones, nucleosomes, centromere proteins, extractable nuclear antigens (ENAs)

Question 17

Most specific antibody for SLE

Answer 17

Double-stranded DNA (ds-DNA) antibodies

Question 18

Second major antibody found in lupus patients

Answer 18

Anti-histone antibody

Question 19

Antibody specific for lupus

Answer 19

Anti-SM antibody

Question 20

Chronic, symmetric, and erosive arthritis of the peripheral joints with a higher prevalence in women

Answer 20

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Question 21

Specific antibody marker for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 21

Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide

Question 22

Group of immunoglobulins interacting with the Fc portion of IgG in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 22

Rheumatoid Factor

Question 23

Enzyme that generates citrulline by modifying arginine in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 23

Peptidyl arginine deaminase (PAD)

Question 24

Laboratory tests for Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 24

Sheep Cell Agglutination Test, Latex Fixation Test, Sensitized Alligator Erythrocytes Test, Bentonite Flocculation Test

Question 25

Systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of exocrine glands

Answer 25

Sjögren’s Syndrome

Question 26

Rare autoimmune disease with excessive fibrosis, vascular abnormalities, and organ involvement

Answer 26

Scleroderma (SSc)

Question 27

Overlap syndrome involving limited cutaneous SSc with features of SLE, polymyositis, and RA

Answer 27

Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD)

Question 28

Group of diseases with chronic inflammation of skeletal muscles and progressive muscle weakness

Answer 28

Inflammatory Myopathies

Question 29

Vasculitis affecting upper respiratory tract, lungs, and kidneys; associated with c-ANCA and p-ANCA

Answer 29

Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener's Granulomatosis)

Question 30

Autoantibodies associated with Hashimoto's disease

Answer 30

Thyroglobulin, Thyroid microsome, CA2, Thyroid membrane receptors, T3 and T4

Question 31

Autoantibodies associated with Grave's disease

Answer 31

Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO), TSH Receptor antibody (TRAb)

Question 32

Autoantibodies associated with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)

Answer 32

Insulin autoantibodies (IAA), Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (GAD), Islet cell antigen–2 (IA-2)

Question 33

Autoantibodies associated with Celiac Disease

Answer 33

Anti-tissue transglutaminase, Endomysium (EmA), Deaminated Gliadin peptides

Question 34

Autoantibodies associated with Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH-1)

Answer 34

Smooth muscle antibodies, Anti-nuclear antibodies

Question 35

Autoantibodies associated with Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH-2)

Answer 35

Anti-liver kidney microsomal antibody (anti-LKM-1), Anti-liver cytosol type 1 antibody (anti-LC-1)

Question 36

Autoantibodies associated with Primary Biliary Cholangitis

Answer 36

Anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA)

Question 37

Autoantibodies associated with Autoimmune Gastritis

Answer 37

Antibody against parietal cells, H+/K+-ATPase proton pump, Cobalamin-absorbing protein

Question 38

Autoantibodies associated with Pernicious Anemia

Answer 38

Anti-Intrinsic Factor (IF), Anti-parietal cells

Question 39

Autoantibodies associated with Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 39

Antibodies to myelin basic protein

Question 40

Autoantibodies associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Answer 40

Deoxyribonuclease-sensitive p-ANCA, Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody, Pancreatic antibody, Anti-outer membrane porin from E. coli

Question 41

Autoantibodies associated with Myasthenia Gravis

Answer 41

Acetylcholine receptor-binding antibody

Question 42

Autoantibodies associated with Goodpasture Disease

Answer 42

Anti-basement membrane antibody