Antibody structure

Question 1

Region of the antibody molecule that provides flexibility for multiple binding sites

Answer 1

Hinge region

Question 2

Type of bonds joining the heavy and light chains in an antibody molecule

Answer 2

Disulfide bonds

Question 3

Antibody molecule structure with 2 identical light chains and 2 identical heavy chains

Answer 3

Monomer

Question 4

Designation of heavy chains in different antibody classes

Answer 4

μ (IgM), δ (IgD), γ (IgG), α (IgA), ε (IgE)

Question 5

Number of constant domains in a heavy chain

Answer 5

Three (CH1, CH2, CH3)

Question 6

Domain of the heavy chain responsible for antigen specificity

Answer 6

Variable domain (VH)

Question 7

Designation of light chains

Answer 7

Kappa (κ) and Lambda (λ)

Question 8

Ratio of kappa to lambda light chains

Answer 8

‘2:1

Question 9

Number of domains in a light chain

Answer 9

One constant domain (CL) and one variable domain (VL)

Question 10

Part of the antibody containing antigen-binding sites

Answer 10

Variable regions at the end of the Y arms

Question 11

Location of the hinge region in the antibody

Answer 11

Between CH1 and CH2 domains

Question 12

Properties of antibodies

Answer 12

Protein in nature, high molecular weight (>150,000 daltons), present in serum, CSF, saliva, and seminal fluid

Question 13

Weight of the heavy chain in daltons

Answer 13

50,000-90,000 daltons

Question 14

Weight of the light chain in daltons

Answer 14

Approximately 23,000 daltons

Question 15

Number of amino acid residues in the kappa light chain

Answer 15

214 amino acids

Question 16

Number of amino acid residues in the lambda light chain

Answer 16

213 amino acids

Question 17

Region of the antibody that remains consistent and contributes to structure

Answer 17

Constant region

Question 18

Region of the antibody that varies and determines antigen specificity

Answer 18

Variable region

Question 19

Cell stage where heavy chain gene rearrangement begins

Answer 19

Pro-B cell stage on chromosome 14

Question 20

Antigenic differences in constant heavy regions of antibodies; determines Ig class

Answer 20

Isotypes

Question 21

Additional antigenic features of Ig that vary among individuals; variation in the constant region of both HC and LC

Answer 21

Allotypes

Question 22

Antigenic determinants formed by specific amino acids in hypervariable regions

Answer 22

Idiotypes

Question 23

Unique differences between antibodies of different antigen binding specificities

Answer 23

Idiotypes

Question 24

Warm-reacting antibody in the blood

Answer 24

IgG

Question 25

Immunoglobulin that provides immunity for the newborn

Answer 25

IgG

Question 26

Immunoglobulin that is the only antibody that can cross the placenta

Answer 26

IgG

Question 27

Immunoglobulin class best known for complement activation via the classical pathway

Answer 27

IgG

Question 28

Subclasses of IgG best for placental transfer

Answer 28

IgG1

Question 29

Subclass of IgG best in activating complement

Answer 29

IgG3

Question 30

Subclass of IgG with no participation in complement fixation

Answer 30

IgG4

Question 31

Immunoglobulin that participates in opsonization, neutralizing toxins, and viruses

Answer 31

IgG

Question 32

Type of bonds involved in differentiating IgG subclasses

Answer 32

Disulfide bonds

Question 33

Subclass of IgG with the longest disulfide bonds

Answer 33

IgG3

Question 34

Largest immunoglobulin

Answer 34

IgM

Question 35

Major antibody class secreted in the early stages of a primary antibody response

Answer 35

IgM

Question 36

Form of IgM with 10 antigen-binding sites

Answer 36

Pentameric IgM

Question 37

First class of antibody produced by developing B cells

Answer 37

IgM

Question 38

Best complement fixer antibody

Answer 38

IgM

Question 39

Antibody class that causes agglutination

Answer 39

IgM

Question 40

Immunoglobulin found in serum as pentamer and on B cells as monomer

Answer 40

IgM

Question 41

Major antibody on mucosal surfaces

Answer 41

IgA

Question 42

Immunoglobulin associated with anaphylaxis

Answer 42

IgA

Question 43

Serum structure of IgA

Answer 43

Monomer type I

Question 44

Structure of secretory IgA

Answer 44

Dimer with secretory component

Question 45

Immunoglobulin with anti-inflammatory properties

Answer 45

IgA

Question 46

Chain that transfers secretory IgA to secretions

Answer 46

J chain

Question 47

Protein that prevents enzymatic degradation of secretory IgA

Answer 47

Secretory protein

Question 48

Immunoglobulin involved in immunoregulation

Answer 48

IgD

Question 49

Immunoglobulin found on the surface of B cells

Answer 49

IgD

Question 50

Major membrane immunoglobulin on mature B cells

Answer 50

IgM and IgD

Question 51

Immunoglobulin found on immature B cells

Answer 51

IgM

Question 52

Postulated function of IgD

Answer 52

Anti-idiotypic antibody

Question 53

Heat-labile antibody involved in allergic reactions

Answer 53

IgE

Question 54

Antibody that attaches to human skin and initiates allergic reactions

Answer 54

IgE

Question 55

Type of antibody involved in type I hypersensitivity reaction

Answer 55

IgE

Question 56

Cells that IgE has affinity to

Answer 56

Basophils and mast cells