ANTIBODIES: Fragmentation and Immune response Flashcards
Fragment that binds the allergen
Fab (fragment antigen binding)
Fragment with no antibody activity but biological activity
Fc (fragment crystallizable)
Enzyme that cuts the monomer into 3 parts
Papain
Enzyme that cuts the monomer into 2 parts
Pepsin
Effect of papain on antibody monomer
Monomer cut into 3 parts; 2 Fab fragments capable of agglutination or precipitation
Effect of pepsin on antibody monomer
Monomer cut into 2 parts; F(ab’)2 retains ability to bind antigen and cause agglutination/precipitation
Fragment produced by pepsin cleavage that can cause agglutination or precipitation
F(ab’)2
Fragment produced by pepsin cleavage that produces two heavy chain fragments not joined by disulfide bonds
Fc’
Process where lymphocytes are preprogrammed to produce one type of Ig and proliferate upon antigen response
Clonal Selection
Theory proposing specific receptors for antigen on cells before contact with antigen
Ehrlich’s Side Chain Theory
Key principle of Ehrlich’s side chain theory, where cells with specific receptors respond to antigens
Lock-and-key concept
Types of bonds involved in the initial force of attraction between Fab and epitope
Ionic bonds, Hydrogen bonds, Hydrophobic bonds, Van Der Waals Force
Term for the sum of all attractive forces between antigen and antibody
Avidity
Type of immunity involving B cell activation and antibody production
Humoral immunity
Phase of primary humoral immune response when measurable antibodies are observed
Log Phase
Phase of primary humoral immune response with rapid increase in antibody concentration
Exponential Phase
Phase of primary humoral immune response when production and degradation of antibodies are balanced
Steady State
Phase of primary humoral immune response when immune system begins to shut down
Decline Phase
Type of immune response triggered by second exposure to the same antigen
Secondary Humoral Immune Response
Alternate name for secondary immune response that involves memory T and B lymphocytes
Booster or Anamnestic Response
Duration of lag phase in primary vs secondary immune response
Long lag phase in primary, Short lag phase in secondary
Antibody type produced in primary immune response
IgM
Antibody type produced in secondary immune response
IgG
Antibody titer in primary vs secondary immune response
Low titer in primary, High titer in secondary
Antibody affinity in primary vs secondary immune response
Low affinity in primary, High affinity in secondary
Antibody avidity in primary vs secondary immune response
High in both, but increases in secondary response
Type of antibodies cloned from a single cell
Monoclonal Antibodies
Hybrid cell created by fusing B lymphocyte with plasma cell or T lymphocyte with lymphoma cell
Hybridoma
Use of hybridoma technology
Secretes a single specific antibody
Sequence order of decreasing immunogenicity in monoclonal antibodies
Mouse > Chimeric > Humanized > Human
Monoclonal antibodies used for
Treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases
Main concern with monoclonal antibodies
Highly immunogenic
WHO nomenclature for mouse monoclonal antibodies
-omob
WHO nomenclature for chimeric monoclonal antibodies
-ximob
WHO nomenclature for humanized monoclonal antibodies
-zumob
WHO nomenclature for human monoclonal antibodies
-umob
Medium added to fused cell to select for hybridoma cells
HAT medium
Drug in HAT medium that prevents myeloma cells from making purines and pyrimidines
Aminopterin
