ANTIBODIES: Fragmentation and Immune response

Question 1

Fragment that binds the allergen

Answer 1

Fab (fragment antigen binding)

Question 2

Fragment with no antibody activity but biological activity

Answer 2

Fc (fragment crystallizable)

Question 3

Enzyme that cuts the monomer into 3 parts

Answer 3

Papain

Question 4

Enzyme that cuts the monomer into 2 parts

Answer 4

Pepsin

Question 5

Effect of papain on antibody monomer

Answer 5

Monomer cut into 3 parts; 2 Fab fragments capable of agglutination or precipitation

Question 6

Effect of pepsin on antibody monomer

Answer 6

Monomer cut into 2 parts; F(ab’)2 retains ability to bind antigen and cause agglutination/precipitation

Question 7

Fragment produced by pepsin cleavage that can cause agglutination or precipitation

Answer 7

F(ab’)2

Question 8

Fragment produced by pepsin cleavage that produces two heavy chain fragments not joined by disulfide bonds

Answer 8

Fc’

Question 9

Process where lymphocytes are preprogrammed to produce one type of Ig and proliferate upon antigen response

Answer 9

Clonal Selection

Question 10

Theory proposing specific receptors for antigen on cells before contact with antigen

Answer 10

Ehrlich’s Side Chain Theory

Question 11

Key principle of Ehrlich’s side chain theory, where cells with specific receptors respond to antigens

Answer 11

Lock-and-key concept

Question 12

Types of bonds involved in the initial force of attraction between Fab and epitope

Answer 12

Ionic bonds, Hydrogen bonds, Hydrophobic bonds, Van Der Waals Force

Question 13

Term for the sum of all attractive forces between antigen and antibody

Answer 13

Avidity

Question 14

Type of immunity involving B cell activation and antibody production

Answer 14

Humoral immunity

Question 15

Phase of primary humoral immune response when measurable antibodies are observed

Answer 15

Log Phase

Question 16

Phase of primary humoral immune response with rapid increase in antibody concentration

Answer 16

Exponential Phase

Question 17

Phase of primary humoral immune response when production and degradation of antibodies are balanced

Answer 17

Steady State

Question 18

Phase of primary humoral immune response when immune system begins to shut down

Answer 18

Decline Phase

Question 19

Type of immune response triggered by second exposure to the same antigen

Answer 19

Secondary Humoral Immune Response

Question 20

Alternate name for secondary immune response that involves memory T and B lymphocytes

Answer 20

Booster or Anamnestic Response

Question 21

Duration of lag phase in primary vs secondary immune response

Answer 21

Long lag phase in primary, Short lag phase in secondary

Question 22

Antibody type produced in primary immune response

Answer 22

IgM

Question 23

Antibody type produced in secondary immune response

Answer 23

IgG

Question 24

Antibody titer in primary vs secondary immune response

Answer 24

Low titer in primary, High titer in secondary

Question 25

Antibody affinity in primary vs secondary immune response

Answer 25

Low affinity in primary, High affinity in secondary

Question 26

Antibody avidity in primary vs secondary immune response

Answer 26

High in both, but increases in secondary response

Question 27

Type of antibodies cloned from a single cell

Answer 27

Monoclonal Antibodies

Question 28

Hybrid cell created by fusing B lymphocyte with plasma cell or T lymphocyte with lymphoma cell

Answer 28

Hybridoma

Question 29

Use of hybridoma technology

Answer 29

Secretes a single specific antibody

Question 30

Sequence order of decreasing immunogenicity in monoclonal antibodies

Answer 30

Mouse > Chimeric > Humanized > Human

Question 31

Monoclonal antibodies used for

Answer 31

Treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases

Question 32

Main concern with monoclonal antibodies

Answer 32

Highly immunogenic

Question 33

WHO nomenclature for mouse monoclonal antibodies

Answer 33

-omob

Question 34

WHO nomenclature for chimeric monoclonal antibodies

Answer 34

-ximob

Question 35

WHO nomenclature for humanized monoclonal antibodies

Answer 35

-zumob

Question 36

WHO nomenclature for human monoclonal antibodies

Answer 36

-umob

Question 37

Medium added to fused cell to select for hybridoma cells

Answer 37

HAT medium

Question 38

Drug in HAT medium that prevents myeloma cells from making purines and pyrimidines

Answer 38

Aminopterin