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IMMUNOSEROLOGY > Lymphocytes > Flashcards

Lymphocytes Flashcards

1
Q

CD marker found on all T cells and associated with T-cell antigen receptors

A

CD3

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2
Q

CD marker identifying T helper cells and also present on most T regulatory cells

A

CD4

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3
Q

CD marker identifying cytotoxic T cells and a subset of thymocytes

A

CD8

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4
Q

CD marker present on macrophages, NK cells, and neutrophils; mediates phagocytosis

A

CD16

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5
Q

CD marker on B cells and follicular dendritic cells; part of the B-cell coreceptor regulating activation

A

CD19

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6
Q

CD marker on B cells and follicular dendritic cells; receptor for complement component C3d

A

CD21

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7
Q

CD marker found on NK cells and subsets of T cells with unknown function

A

CD56

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8
Q

DNA polymerase active during immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangement

A

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)

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9
Q

Percentage of lymphocytes composed of T cells

A

60-79%

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10
Q

Primary immune function of T cells

A

Cell-mediated immunity

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11
Q

Products of T cells during immune response

A

Cytokines

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12
Q

Subtype of T cell responsible for activating the immune response and complement system

A

T helper cells (CD4+)

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13
Q

Subtype of T cell responsible for specific killing of infected cells

A

Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+)

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14
Q

Normal CD4:CD8 ratio in a healthy individual

A

‘2:1

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15
Q

CD4:CD8 ratio observed during HIV infection

A

‘1:2

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16
Q

Typical lifespan of T cells

A

4-10 years

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17
Q

Marker ratio used to identify T helper cells to cytotoxic T cells in normal conditions

A

CD4:CD8 ratio

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18
Q

Subpopulation of T cells that acts as the primary defense against autoimmune diseases

A

T regulatory cells

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19
Q

Type of T helper cell that produces IFN-gamma, TNF-beta, and IL-2 to protect against intracellular pathogens

A

T helper 1 (Th1)

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20
Q

Type of T helper cell that produces IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 to help B cells target extracellular pathogens

A

T helper 2 (Th2)

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21
Q

T helper cell type that produces IL-17 and IL-22 and is involved in pro-inflammatory responses

A

T helper 17 (Th17)

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22
Q

T regulatory cell markers

A

CD4 and CD25

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23
Q

Percentage of T regulatory cells in CD4 T-cell population

A

0.05

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24
Q

Primary role of T regulatory cells

A

Suppress immune response to self-antigens by secreting inhibitory cytokines

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25
Stage of T-cell development characterized by cells lacking CD4 and CD8 but proliferating under the influence of IL-7
Double-negative thymocytes
26
Stage of T-cell development where both CD4 and CD8 markers are expressed and TCR genes are rearranged
Double-positive thymocytes
27
Process in double-positive thymocytes that removes cells reacting strongly to self-antigens
Clonal deletion
28
Marker present on mature T helper cells but absent on cytotoxic T cells
CD4
29
Stage of T-cell development characterized by expression of either CD4 or CD8 markers
Mature single-positive T cell
30
Receptor expressed by activated T cells under the influence of IL-2
CD25
31
Second largest population of lymphocytes (10-20%) responsible for humoral immunity
B cells
32
Markers associated with B cells
Surface Ig (IgM, IgD), CD19, CD20, CD21
33
Type of MHC molecule expressed on B cells but absent in T cells
Class II MHC
34
Cell type that is the precursor for antibody production in humoral immunity
Plasma cells
35
Subpopulation of B cells most commonly found in circulation
B2 cells
36
Life span of B cells compared to T cells
Days
37
Cell type in B cell development that requires direct contact with bone marrow stromal cells
Pro-B cell
38
Interaction required for Pro-B cell development involving stromal cells
C-Kit interacts with stem cell factor
39
First step in B cell development
Rearrangement of heavy-chain genes on chromosome 14
40
Chromosome associated with kappa light chain gene
Chromosome 2
41
Chromosome associated with lambda light chain gene
Chromosome 22
42
Cell type where synthesis of the heavy-chain part of the antibody molecule occurs
Pre-B cell
43
Unusual light chain molecule paired with the heavy chain in Pre-B cells
Surrogate light chain
44
Distinguishing marker of Immature B cells
Surface expression of IgM
45
Markers present on Immature B cells
CD21, CD40, and Class II MHC
46
Immunoglobulins present on Mature B cells
IgM and IgD
47
Receptor expressed on Activated B cells for IL-2
CD25
48
Main function of Plasma cells
Antibody production
49
Characteristic feature of Plasma cells
Eccentric nucleus with perinuclear halo
50
Key difference between B cells and Plasma cells regarding immunoglobulins
B cells: surface immunoglobulins; Plasma cells: cytoplasmic antibodies
51
Type of B cell involved in secondary immune response with antigen memory
Memory B cell
52
Locations where Follicular B cells are found
Secondary lymphoid organs, marginal zone of spleen, and circulation
53
Most fully differentiated form of B cells
Plasma cells
54
Marker that allows T cells to bind sheep red blood cells (SRBC)
CD2
55
Component of the T cell antigen-receptor complex
CD3
56
Receptor on T helper cells that binds MHC class II molecules
CD4
57
Receptor on cytotoxic T cells that binds MHC class I molecules
CD8
58
Gold standard for laboratory identification of lymphocytes
Flow cytometry
59
Microscopy method used to visualize fluorescence-labeled lymphocytes
Fluorescence microscopy
60
Test used to identify T cells by their ability to bind to sheep RBCs
Rosette assay
61
Centrifugation method used to separate lymphocytes from other blood components
Density gradient centrifugation (Ficoll-Hypaque)
62
Method used to separate T cells and B cells based on their properties
Nylon wool separation
63
Components in the layers of blood after Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient separation
Plasma, lymphocytes, Ficoll, red blood cells, granulocytes, platelets
64
Definition of mitogen in lymphocyte testing
A substance that stimulates mitotic division of lymphocytes, increasing their concentration
65
Mitogen used for T cell stimulation
Pokeweed antigen (PWA)
66
Mitogen used for T cell stimulation that induces mitosis and lymphocyte proliferation
Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)
67
Mitogen used for T cell stimulation that activates T lymphocytes
Concanavalin A (CON-A)
68
Mitogen used for B cell stimulation
Pokeweed antigen
69
Mitogen used for B cell stimulation that is a bacterial component
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

IMMUNOSEROLOGY (22 decks)

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