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IMMUNOSEROLOGY > Lymphocytes > Flashcards

Lymphocytes Flashcards

1
Q

CD marker found on all T cells and associated with T-cell antigen receptors

A

CD3

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2
Q

CD marker identifying T helper cells and also present on most T regulatory cells

A

CD4

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3
Q

CD marker identifying cytotoxic T cells and a subset of thymocytes

A

CD8

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4
Q

CD marker present on macrophages, NK cells, and neutrophils; mediates phagocytosis

A

CD16

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5
Q

CD marker on B cells and follicular dendritic cells; part of the B-cell coreceptor regulating activation

A

CD19

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6
Q

CD marker on B cells and follicular dendritic cells; receptor for complement component C3d

A

CD21

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7
Q

CD marker found on NK cells and subsets of T cells with unknown function

A

CD56

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8
Q

DNA polymerase active during immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene rearrangement

A

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)

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9
Q

Percentage of lymphocytes composed of T cells

A

60-79%

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10
Q

Primary immune function of T cells

A

Cell-mediated immunity

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11
Q

Products of T cells during immune response

A

Cytokines

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12
Q

Subtype of T cell responsible for activating the immune response and complement system

A

T helper cells (CD4+)

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13
Q

Subtype of T cell responsible for specific killing of infected cells

A

Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+)

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14
Q

Normal CD4:CD8 ratio in a healthy individual

A

‘2:1

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15
Q

CD4:CD8 ratio observed during HIV infection

A

‘1:2

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16
Q

Typical lifespan of T cells

A

4-10 years

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17
Q

Marker ratio used to identify T helper cells to cytotoxic T cells in normal conditions

A

CD4:CD8 ratio

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18
Q

Subpopulation of T cells that acts as the primary defense against autoimmune diseases

A

T regulatory cells

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19
Q

Type of T helper cell that produces IFN-gamma, TNF-beta, and IL-2 to protect against intracellular pathogens

A

T helper 1 (Th1)

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20
Q

Type of T helper cell that produces IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, and IL-13 to help B cells target extracellular pathogens

A

T helper 2 (Th2)

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21
Q

T helper cell type that produces IL-17 and IL-22 and is involved in pro-inflammatory responses

A

T helper 17 (Th17)

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22
Q

T regulatory cell markers

A

CD4 and CD25

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23
Q

Percentage of T regulatory cells in CD4 T-cell population

A

0.05

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24
Q

Primary role of T regulatory cells

A

Suppress immune response to self-antigens by secreting inhibitory cytokines

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25
Q

Stage of T-cell development characterized by cells lacking CD4 and CD8 but proliferating under the influence of IL-7

A

Double-negative thymocytes

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26
Q

Stage of T-cell development where both CD4 and CD8 markers are expressed and TCR genes are rearranged

A

Double-positive thymocytes

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27
Q

Process in double-positive thymocytes that removes cells reacting strongly to self-antigens

A

Clonal deletion

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28
Q

Marker present on mature T helper cells but absent on cytotoxic T cells

A

CD4

29
Q

Stage of T-cell development characterized by expression of either CD4 or CD8 markers

A

Mature single-positive T cell

30
Q

Receptor expressed by activated T cells under the influence of IL-2

A

CD25

31
Q

Second largest population of lymphocytes (10-20%) responsible for humoral immunity

A

B cells

32
Q

Markers associated with B cells

A

Surface Ig (IgM, IgD), CD19, CD20, CD21

33
Q

Type of MHC molecule expressed on B cells but absent in T cells

A

Class II MHC

34
Q

Cell type that is the precursor for antibody production in humoral immunity

A

Plasma cells

35
Q

Subpopulation of B cells most commonly found in circulation

A

B2 cells

36
Q

Life span of B cells compared to T cells

A

Days

37
Q

Cell type in B cell development that requires direct contact with bone marrow stromal cells

A

Pro-B cell

38
Q

Interaction required for Pro-B cell development involving stromal cells

A

C-Kit interacts with stem cell factor

39
Q

First step in B cell development

A

Rearrangement of heavy-chain genes on chromosome 14

40
Q

Chromosome associated with kappa light chain gene

A

Chromosome 2

41
Q

Chromosome associated with lambda light chain gene

A

Chromosome 22

42
Q

Cell type where synthesis of the heavy-chain part of the antibody molecule occurs

A

Pre-B cell

43
Q

Unusual light chain molecule paired with the heavy chain in Pre-B cells

A

Surrogate light chain

44
Q

Distinguishing marker of Immature B cells

A

Surface expression of IgM

45
Q

Markers present on Immature B cells

A

CD21, CD40, and Class II MHC

46
Q

Immunoglobulins present on Mature B cells

A

IgM and IgD

47
Q

Receptor expressed on Activated B cells for IL-2

A

CD25

48
Q

Main function of Plasma cells

A

Antibody production

49
Q

Characteristic feature of Plasma cells

A

Eccentric nucleus with perinuclear halo

50
Q

Key difference between B cells and Plasma cells regarding immunoglobulins

A

B cells: surface immunoglobulins; Plasma cells: cytoplasmic antibodies

51
Q

Type of B cell involved in secondary immune response with antigen memory

A

Memory B cell

52
Q

Locations where Follicular B cells are found

A

Secondary lymphoid organs, marginal zone of spleen, and circulation

53
Q

Most fully differentiated form of B cells

A

Plasma cells

54
Q

Marker that allows T cells to bind sheep red blood cells (SRBC)

A

CD2

55
Q

Component of the T cell antigen-receptor complex

A

CD3

56
Q

Receptor on T helper cells that binds MHC class II molecules

A

CD4

57
Q

Receptor on cytotoxic T cells that binds MHC class I molecules

A

CD8

58
Q

Gold standard for laboratory identification of lymphocytes

A

Flow cytometry

59
Q

Microscopy method used to visualize fluorescence-labeled lymphocytes

A

Fluorescence microscopy

60
Q

Test used to identify T cells by their ability to bind to sheep RBCs

A

Rosette assay

61
Q

Centrifugation method used to separate lymphocytes from other blood components

A

Density gradient centrifugation (Ficoll-Hypaque)

62
Q

Method used to separate T cells and B cells based on their properties

A

Nylon wool separation

63
Q

Components in the layers of blood after Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient separation

A

Plasma, lymphocytes, Ficoll, red blood cells, granulocytes, platelets

64
Q

Definition of mitogen in lymphocyte testing

A

A substance that stimulates mitotic division of lymphocytes, increasing their concentration

65
Q

Mitogen used for T cell stimulation

A

Pokeweed antigen (PWA)

66
Q

Mitogen used for T cell stimulation that induces mitosis and lymphocyte proliferation

A

Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)

67
Q

Mitogen used for T cell stimulation that activates T lymphocytes

A

Concanavalin A (CON-A)

68
Q

Mitogen used for B cell stimulation

A

Pokeweed antigen

69
Q

Mitogen used for B cell stimulation that is a bacterial component

A

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

IMMUNOSEROLOGY (22 decks)

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