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IMMUNOSEROLOGY > HISTORY OF IMMUNOLOGY > Flashcards

HISTORY OF IMMUNOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the practice developed by the Chinese to prevent smallpox.

A

Inhalation of powder made from smallpox scabs (Variolation)

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2
Q

State the name of the individual who developed the first vaccine against smallpox.

A

Edward Jenner

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3
Q

The phenomenon where an antibody reacts with a structurally similar antigen.

A

Cross-reactivity

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4
Q

List the two infectious organisms that have been eradicated.

A

Smallpox and Rinderpest

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5
Q

Scientist who developed the first attenuated vaccine.

A

Louis Pasteur

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6
Q

Process of attenuation in vaccine development.

A

Use of weakened bacteria or viruses through exposure to modifying conditions like chemical treatment, elevated/cold temperatures, or repeated in vitro passage in cell culture

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7
Q

Discovery of phagocytosis in the 1800s.

A

Elie Metchnikoff

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8
Q

The scientist who demonstrated neutralization of diphtheria and tetanus toxins by the noncellular portion of blood.

A

Emil von Behring

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9
Q

Scientist that attributed the linking of cellular and humoral immune responses to the role of opsonins.

A

Almroth Wright

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10
Q

Role of opsonins in the immune response.

A

They coat bacteria to make them more susceptible to phagocytosis.

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11
Q

Scientist who immunized rabbits with haptens and discovered the importance of three-dimensional antigen configuration.

A

Karl Landsteiner

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12
Q

Vaccination of cowpox against smallpox.

A

1700: Edward Jenner

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13
Q

Live attenuated vaccine against rabies.

A

1885: Louis Pasteur

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14
Q

Antiserum therapy against diphtheria.

A

1901: Emil von Behring

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15
Q

Discovery of tuberculosis.

A

1905: Robert Koch

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16
Q

Theories of immunity and phagocytosis.

A

1908: Paul Ehrlich and Elie Metchnikoff

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17
Q

Work on organ grafting.

A

1912: Alexis Carrell

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18
Q

Research on anaphylaxis.

A

1913: Charles Richet

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19
Q

Theories of immunity and complement.

A

1919: Jules Bordet

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20
Q

Identification of human blood groups.

A

1930: Karl Landsteiner

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21
Q

Discovery of penicillin.

A

1945: Alexander Fleming, Ernst Borischain, and Howard Walter Floray

22
Q

Development of the polio vaccine.

A

1949: Salk and Sabin

23
Q

Development of the yellow fever vaccine.

A

1951: Max Theiler

24
Q

Discovery of streptomycin as the first antibiotic effective against TB.

A

1952: Selman Abraham Waksman

25
Q

Antihistamine research.

A

1957: Daniel Bovet

26
Q

Mechanisms of biological synthesis of DNA and RNA.

A

1959: Severo Ochoa and Arthur Kornberg

27
Q

Acquired immunological tolerance.

A

1960: Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet and Sir Peter Brian Medawar

28
Q

Genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis.

A

1965: Francois Jacob, Andrei Lwoff, and Jacques Monod

29
Q

Tumor-inducing viruses.

A

1966: Payton Rous

30
Q

Genetic code and its function in protein synthesis.

A

1968: Robert Holley, Har Gobind Khorana, and Marshall Nirenberg

31
Q

Replication mechanisms and genetic structure of viruses.

A

1969: Max Delbruck, Alfred Hershey, and Salvador Luria

32
Q

Chemical structure of immunoglobulins.

A

1972: Rodney Porter and Gerald Edelman

33
Q

Interactions between tumor viruses and genetic material of cells.

A

1975: David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco, and Howard Martin Ternin

34
Q

First monoclonal antibody.

A

1975: Kohler

35
Q

Radioimmunoassay of peptide hormones.

A

1977: Rosalyn Yallow

36
Q

Restriction enzymes and molecular genetics.

A

1978: Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans, and Hamilton Smith

37
Q

Immunogenetics and histocompatibility.

A

1980: Baruj Benacerraf, Jean Dausset, and George Snell

38
Q

Mobile genetic elements (transposons).

A

1983: Barbara McClintock

39
Q

Hybridoma technology and monoclonal antibodies.

A

1984: Cesar Milstein, George Kohler, and Niels Jerne

40
Q

Immunoglobulin genetics and antibody diversity.

A

1987: Susumu Tonegawa

41
Q

Cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes.

A

1989: J. Michael Bishop and Harold Varmus

42
Q

Organ and cell transplantation.

A

1990: Joseph Murray and E. Donnell Thomas

43
Q

Specificity of cell-mediated immune defense.

A

1996: Peter Doherty and Rolf Zinkernagel

44
Q

Prions as a new biological principle of infection.

A

1997: Stanley Prusiner

45
Q

Signal transduction.

A

1999: Gunter Blobel

46
Q

Agglutination studies.

A

1999: Durham and Gruber

47
Q

Immunoelectrophoresis.

A

1999: Graber and Williams

48
Q

IgE.

A

1999: Isihazaka

49
Q

Interferons.

A

1999: Isaacs and Lindenmann

50
Q

Development of the human papilloma virus vaccine.

A

2005: Frazer

IMMUNOSEROLOGY (22 decks)

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