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Parasitology Lec > Trichuris Trichiura > Flashcards

Trichuris Trichiura Flashcards

1
Q

Common Name:

A

Whipworm

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2
Q

STH?

A

Yes

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3
Q

EPIDEMIOLOGY

_________distribution
Common in ______ regions (warm, moist environment), poor sanitation

Present in temperate zone

______million infected worldwide

_____years old: most commonly affected

A

Worldwide

tropical

604-795

5-15

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4
Q

somatic muscle arrangement of TT

A

Holomyarian

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5
Q

Habitat of TT

A

colon, cecum

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6
Q

Color of TT

A

Flesh or pinkish slender nematode

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7
Q

T. Trichiura

Anterior end:
Attenuated anterior three-fifths traversed by a narrow esophagus resembling a string of beads

Secrete a pore-forming protein called_____ → embed into the intestinal wall

A

TT47

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8
Q

T. Trichiura

Posterior end
Robust two-fifths containing intestine and single set of reproductive organs

Male: coiled with____ spicule and retractile sheath

Female: blunt
Lays __________eggs/day

A

single

3,000-10,000

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9
Q

shaped like?

with plug-like translucent hyaline and refractile polar prominences

A

Lemon- or barrel- or football

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10
Q

T. Trichiura

Embryonic development in the environment (____weeks)

A

2-3

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11
Q

T trichiura

LAYERS OF SHELL
outermost layer, smooth, yellow-brown color
middle
innermost, transparent

A

Bile-stained layer
Albuminous layer
Chorionic layer

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12
Q

What nematode?

Soon after embryonated eggs are ingested, larvae escape and penetrate the intestinal villi where they remain for 3-10 days

A

Trichuris trichiura

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13
Q

Trichuris trichiura

4 larval stages:
Heart-lung migration?
Diagnostic stage:
Infective stage:

A

12 weeks
No heart-lung migration
Unembryonated egg & adult worms
Embryonated egg

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14
Q

T trichiura

PARTHENOGENESIS & CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

A

Intestinal petechial hemorrhages
Intestinal bleeding is common
Acute appendicitis
Rectal prolapse in heavy chronic trichuriasis

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15
Q

Anterior portions embedded in the mucosa

Predispose to amoebic dysentery

A

Intestinal petechial hemorrhages

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16
Q

Lumen of appendix is filled with worms

A

Acute appendicitis

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17
Q

Blood-streaked diarrheal stools
Abdominal pain
Weight loss
Blood loss: 0.8-8.6mL/day → anemia

A

Rectal prolapse in heavy chronic trichuriasis

18
Q

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

Demonstration of unembryonated ova

A

Direct fecal smear with a drop of saline

Kato-Katz technique

Acid-Ether and Formalin-Ether/Ethyl

Acetate Concentration technique

FLOTAC technique

19
Q

more sensitive than
Kato-Katz and ether/ethyl acetate concentration technique

A

FLOTAC technique

20
Q

T trichiura

Drug of choice

Alternative

A

Mebendazole 100mg BID × 3 days
Mebendazole 500mg OD x 3 days

Albendazole 400mg OD × 3 days

21
Q

WASHED Framework for the control of STH

A

Provision of safe water
Environmental sanitation
Hygiene education
Regular deworming

22
Q

Mass Drug Administration among school-aged children
______among STH prevalence ≥50%
______among STH prevalence <50%

Drug:

A

Biannual

Once a year

Mebendazole 500mg one dose
Albendazole 400mg one dose

23
Q

Disease TT

A

Trichiuriasis

24
Q

TT

● Soil-transmitted helminth (STH)
●______ Decorticated (smooth)
● Millimeters in length– does not cause intestinal obstruction
● RESIDENCE –______

A

Holomyarian

large intestine

25
Q

Heart lung migration? TT

26
Q

Male TT

  • Ventrally____ posterior end
  • contains___ copulatory spicule
  • Measures 3 - 3.5 cm
  • A single lanceolate spicule protrudes through a refractile penial sheath which has a bulbous termination covered with small recurved spines
  • Distinguished from the female by its coiled caudal extremity about_____ degrees or more
A

curved

one

360 degrees

27
Q

FEMALE TY

  • Lifespan:____ years
  • Measures 3.5 - 5.5 cm in length
  • Vulva opens at the anterior end, the fleshy portion of the body
  • Has a single uterus and ovary
  • Bluntly____ at the posterior end
28
Q

Phasmid/ Aphasmid?

29
Q

TT

Definitive =
Intermediate =

A

Humans

None

30
Q

MOT TT

A

Ingestion of embryonated egg

31
Q

Source of infection TT

A

Fecal-oral transmission

32
Q

Infective stage TT

A

Embryonated egg

33
Q

Diagnostic stage

A

Unembryonated egg (unsegmented)

34
Q

Pathogenesis & Clinical Manifestations TT

A

● Intestinal petechial hemorrhages
○ Anterior portions embedded in the mucosa
○ Predispose to amoebic dysentery

● Intestinal bleeding is common

● Acute appendicitis
○ Lumen of appendix is filled with worms

● Rectal prolapse in heavy chronic trichuriasis
○ Blood-streaked diarrheal stools
○ Abdominal pain
○ Weight loss
○ Blood loss: 0.8-8.6mL/day → anemia

35
Q

Diagnosis

A

1) Direct Fecal Smear (DFS)

2) Kato-Katz Technique

3) Concentration Technique (Recovery of eggs in the stool specimen)

36
Q

Adult morphology: TT

_____colored or_______worm

_______of the worm is attenuated and thin in contrast to the remaining______ is fleshy and robust

“_____like appearance”

A

Flesh/ pinkish slender

Anterior 2/3; posterior 1/3 which

Whip

37
Q

Ova Morphology

• characteristically_______-shaped with bipolar unstained intralaminar prominences which have the appearance of_____ plugs

• measures 50-54 micra by 22-23 micra

A

barrel; mucoid

38
Q

TT Ova

in addition to a vitelline membrane, it has a triple shell consisting of:

A

• chorionic layer
• albuminous layer
• bile-stained layer

39
Q

Trichuris trichiura

Life Cycle
-Infective Stage
-Definitive Host
-Diagnostic Stage

A

embryonated egg
Humans
egg (unsegmented)

40
Q

TT Habitat

A

Large intestine

41
Q

Trichuris trichiura

• Pathology:

A
  1. Mild ulceration
  2. Abdominal pain
  3. Diarrhea
  4. “rectal prolapse”

Parasitology Lec (31 decks)

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