Dracunculus Medinensis

Question 1

Recorded infection as early as ___th BC

Answer 1

15th BC

Question 2

“_____”, Little dragon from Medina

Answer 2

Fiery Serpent

Question 3

Common Name:____

• Expected by CDC to eradicate next after smallpox

Answer 3

Guinea Worm

Question 4

______nematode known to cause human parasitism

Answer 4

Longest

Question 5

Epidemiology

• Predominant in (5)

• Freshwater lakes and rives

Answer 5

Africa, India, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Yemen

Question 6

Definitive Hosts

Answer 6

• Humans, wolves, dogs, horses, cows, leopards, monkeus, baboons

Question 7

Intermediate Host:

Answer 7

Cyclops copepods

Question 8

Infective Stage:

Answer 8

• Third Stage Larva (L3) within the Cyclops copepods

Question 9

Diagnostic Stage:

Answer 9

• Female adult worm in the subcutaneous tissue, rhabditiform larvae

Question 10

dies after copulation

Answer 10

Adult male

Question 11

Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations

_____adult worm: as it emerges to the subcutaneous tissue, it release_____ -> nausea, rash at site, diarrhea, dizziness, localized edema, reddish papule, blister, and itching

Answer 11

Female

toxic chemical

Question 12

If fails to reach the skin

• Gets calcified in the joint ->____

• Reaches CNS ->____

•___&___ when worms rupture

Answer 12

arthritis

paraplegia

Abscess and swelling

Question 13

Secondary bacterial infection on blisters or ulcers

• Entry of____ spores with the retreating worm

Answer 13

tetanus

Question 14

Diagnosis

• Recovery of_____ from the blister

• Recovery of______
• Fluid discharged by the worm

Answer 14

adult worm

rhabditiform larvae

Question 15

Treatment

• Submerging the affected body part in water to help coax the worm out.
• The site is then cleaned thoroughly.
• Then, slight pressure is applied to the worm as it is slowly pulled out of the wound.
• To avoid breaking the worm, pulling should stop when resistance is met.
• Full extraction of the female guinea worm usually takes several days.

Answer 15

Manual Removal of Adult Female Worm

Question 16

Treatment

•______: for severe allergic manifestations

• Anti-helminthic agents (less role)
(3)

Answer 16

Epinephrine

• Thiabendazole, metronidazole, and mebendazole

Question 17

Prevention and Control

Answer 17

• Patient education

• Safe drinking practices
• Filtrating of drinking water

Question 18

______ ingested by fish, frogs, or other
aquatic animals

Answer 18

Infective copepods

Question 19

Human drinks unfiltered water containing copepods with_____

Answer 19

L3 larvae

Question 20

Paratenic hosts

Answer 20

Frog/ fish

Question 21

Larvae are released when
copepods die.

Larvae penetrate the host’s stomach and intestinal wall.

They mature and reproduce in______

Answer 21

subcutaneous tissues

Question 22

_________ migrates to surface of skin, causes o blister one discharges larvae

Answer 22

Fertilized female worm

Question 23

_______ released into water from the emerging female worm.

Answer 23

L1 larvae

Question 24

Female worm begins to emerge from skin_____ year/s after infection

Answer 24

one year

Question 25

consumed by copepod

Answer 25

L1 larvae

Question 26

Larvae underaces two molts in the copepod and becomes a

Answer 26

L3 larvae.